Dynamic Event-Triggered Control for Nonlinear Systems: A Small-Gain Approach

An event-triggered control(ETC) system transmits data packages and updates control inputs only when the predefined criterion is satisfied. In this way, network communication and computing resources are scheduled more reasonably in contrast to the traditional periodic sampling strategy.Small-gain approach proposed in recent literatures is a new modeling method to deal with nonlinear ETC systems. Different from traditional ETC models, stability criteria are proposed in the form of input to state stability(ISS) gain to design the triggering mechanisms. This paper introduces additional dynamic variables in this model and proposes a small-gain based dynamic event-triggered strategy.Sufficient conditions to guarantee the stability of the system are derived with the help of cyclic-smallgain theorem and Zeno behaviors are avoided to ensure the feasibility of this method in practical applications. Numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.     

Effects of medium nutrition on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B production by suspension cell culture of Camptotheca acuminata

The effects of initial sucrose concentration, nitrate to ammonium ratio, total N concentration and phosphate concentration in medium on cell growth and isocamptothecin A and B synthesis by suspension call culture of Camptotheca acuminata were investigated in 250 mL shake flasks. 30 g L^-1 sucrose concentration was beneficial to secondary metabolites synthesis. The cell growth and metabolites synthesis were also affected by the ratio of NO3^-/NH4^＋ , and nitrate was tavourable for cell growth. The maximum dry weight was achieved when nitrate was used as the sole N souree. The effect of total initial N on the cell cultures was also investigated with NO3^-/NH4^＋ ratio of 1 ： 2. The final dry cell weight was similar throughout culture period and 50 mM initial N was favourable for secondary metabolite synthesis. 50 mM initial phosphate concentration facilitated both cell growth and secondary metabolites synthesis.     

基于ZigBee技术的无线射频识别系统设计

将ZigBee技术与RFID技术相结合,构建一套基于ZigBee技术的无线射频识别系统.系统具有识别距离长,不需要进行方向配置,灵活性和可扩展性好;数据信息的可靠性、抗干扰性和保密性高;技术相对简单、成本低、时延小、存储容量大等特点.     

考虑成本限制的最小化最大延迟时间平行机调度问题

以绿色制造为背景,假定机器设备具有不同的能源消耗成本或维护成本,研究了一类考虑成本限制的平行机调度问题.调度的目标是最小化最大延迟时间.为该问题建立了整数规划模型MIP,设计了改进的EDD (earliest due date firstly)算法,命名为MEDD.由于考虑成本限制,证明了MEDD算法的可行性,并进而理论分析了算法的最坏误差界.通过算例说明了算法的执行情况,同时采用大量随机数据实验验证算法的性能.对于小规模问题,将MEDD的解与MIP的精确解进行了对比;对于大规模问题,由于MIP精确解难以获得,以MIP对应的线性规划松弛模型MLP的最优值为下界对MEDD算法的解进行了衡量.实验结果表明了所构建MEDD算法的有效性.     

水溶性聚季铵盐修饰多壁碳纳米管的制备

采用聚季铵盐修饰的方法合成了水溶性的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)。用混酸(浓硫酸与浓硝酸,体积比为3∶1)对平均直径为20 nm的MWNTs进行氧化处理。红外光谱分析表明,氧化1 h~3 h可使MWNTs表面生成羧基,扫描电镜测试表明MWNTs被氧化为短管。氧化2 h的MWNTs经过与氯化亚枫的酰氯化及与聚季铵盐的脂化缩合两个反应步骤,合成了表面接枝聚季铵盐的MWNTs,红外光谱分析证明了该MWNTs的生成。透射电镜测试显示聚季铵盐修饰的MWNTs在乙醇中能够有效地克服团聚倾向;水溶性实验表明改性后的MWNTs在水中具有自分散性,并能够保持长时间的溶解能力。     

Revision of the West Palaearctic species of Rhoptromeris Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae)

The West Palearctic species of Rhoptromeris are revised. A total of 11 species are recognised as valid in this region, including four newly described species: Rhoptromeris dichromata sp. nov., Rhoptromeris koponeni sp. nov., Rhoptromeris leptocornis sp. nov. and Rhoptromeris macaronesiensis sp. nov. Eucoila luteicornis Ionescu, 1959 is synonymised with Rhoptromeris heptoma (Hartig, 1840) syn. nov. A checklist of the Holarctic Rhoptromeris is presented and an identification key to the West Palearctic species is provided. www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8164332C-93E2-4E3F-A408-F5FF5DFB366E     

介质流向对截止阀流场和流阻特性的影响

为探索介质流向对截止阀内部流场和流阻特性的影响,应用SOLIDWORKS软件建立截止阀的三维模型。使用Fluent软件中的有限元法和标准k-ε湍流模型,在不同开度的情况下,采用数值模拟分析的方法,研究不同介质流向下截止阀的流场和流阻特性,分析阀体内部的速度和压力分布规律。结果表明:在两种不同的流向下,阀门的流通能力相差较小;在小开度时,介质高进低出时能够减小阀门的压力损失,在流通高压介质的情况下,高进低出的流向能够极大的减小阀门的关闭力。流场的分析为截止阀的结构设计和优化提供参考。     

Temporal and spatial distribution of tropospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> over China based on satellite observations

Mid-troposphere CO₂ data retrieved by the AIRS (atmospheric infrared sounder) were validated with five ground-based stations and aircraft measurements in the Northern Hemisphere. AIRS CO₂ products show good agreement with ground and aircraft observations. The data had a monthly average accuracy better than 3 ppmv. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of mid-troposphere CO₂ from January 2003 to December 2008 was analyzed based on this satellite product. The average concentration of atmospheric CO₂ was higher in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. The yearly average results show a gradual increase from 2003 to 2008. In China, the annual growth rate was about 2 ppmv/a, similar to the United States, Europe, Australia and India, but was slightly lower than Canada and Russia. Mid-troposphere CO₂ concentrations were higher over northern China than over southern areas, due to differences in natural conditions and industrial layout. There were four centers of high CO₂ concentration between 35° and 45°N over China, with low concentrations over Yunnan Province. There was a significant seasonal CO₂ variation with peak concentration in spring and the lowest concentration in autumn.     

疏水蛋白rHGFI与rHFBI的发泡能力研究

将巴斯德毕赤酵母异源表达出的疏水蛋白rHGFI和rHFBI修饰硅化玻璃后进行玻璃表面接触角测定.结果显示:蛋白处理的硅化玻璃表面由疏水变为亲水.蛋白溶液表面张力测定结果表明:rHGFI和rHFBI是表面活性非常强的蛋白,均可使表面张力降低.以常用的食品乳化剂酪蛋白酸钠为对照,检测rHGFI和rHFBI蛋白的发泡能力和泡沫稳定性.0.1%的rHGFI和rHFBI蛋白溶液发泡能力明显高于同浓度的酪蛋白酸钠溶液,rHFBI蛋白溶液的泡沫稳定性最佳.