Fundamentals of the analytic network process — Dependence and feedback in decision-making with a single network

The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a multicriteria theory of measurement used to derive relative priority scales of absolute numbers from individual judgments (or from actual measurements normalized to a relative form) that also belong to a fundamental scale of absolute numbers. These judgments represent the relative influence, of one of two elements over the other in a pairwise comparison process on a third element in the system, with respect to an underlying control criterion. Through its supermatrix, whose entries are themselves matrices of column priorities, the ANP synthesizes the outcome of dependence and feedback within and between clusters of elements. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with its independence assumptions on upper levels from lower levels and the independence of the elements in a level is a special case of the ANP. The ANP is an essential tool for articulating our understanding of a decision problem. One had to overcome the limitation of linear hierarchic structures and their mathematical consequences. This part on the ANP summarizes and illustrates the basic concepts of the ANP and shows how informed intuitive judgments can lead to real life answers that are matched by actual measurements in the real world (for example, relative dollar values) as illustrated in market share examples that rely on judgments and not on numerical data. Thomas L. Saaty holds the Chair of University Professor, Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and obtained his Ph.D. in mathematics from Yale University. Before that he was a professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania for ten years. Prior to that he spent seven years at the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in the State Department in Washington, DC, that carried out the arms reduction negotiations with the Soviets in Geneva. His current research interests include decision-making, planning, conflict resolution and synthesis in the brain. As a result of his search for an effective means to deal with weapons tradeoffs at the Disarmament Agency and, more generally, with decision-making and resource allocation, Professor Saaty developed The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its generalization to dependence and feedback, the Analytic Network Process (ANP). He is co-developer of the software Expert Choice and of the software Super Decisions for decisions with dependence and feedback. He has authored or co-authored twelve books on the AHP/ANP. Professor Saaty has also written a number of other books that embrace a variety of topics, including Modern Nonlinear Equations, Nonlinear Mathematics, Graph Theory, The Four Color Problem, Behavioral Mathematics, Queuing Theory, Optimization in Integers, Embracing the Future and The Brain: Unraveling the Mystery of How It Works. His most recent book is Creative Thinking, Problem Solving & Decision Making. The book is a rich collection of ideas, incorporating research by a growing body of researchers and practitioners, profiles of creative people, projects and products, theory, philosophy, physics and metaphysics...all explained with a liberal dose of humor. He has published more than 300 refereed articles in a wide variety of professional journals. He has been on the editorial boards of Mathematical Reviews, Operations Research, Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, Mathematical and Computer Modeling, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Applied Mathematics Letters, and several others. He also served as consultant to many corporations and governments.     

软件质量保证技术及其应用

本通过《辽宁师范大学人事工资管理决策支持系统》的开发，提出了几种软件质量保证技术。这些技术的成功运用，使该软件系统的开发不仅没有陷入软件危机，而且还大大地提高了软件的质量和可靠性，为保证大型软件系统的顺利开发，提高软件系统的质量提供了具体的可行方法。     

FINITE TIME TRACKING CONTROL FOR RIGID ROBOTIC MANIPULATORS WITH FRICTION AND EXTERNAL DISTURBANCES

1.Introduction Variable structure control is well known for its robustness to system uncertainties and external disturbances and has been successfully applied to the rigid robotic manipulator systems(Utkin(1992),Zinober(1990)).Generally,a linear sliding mode is firstly designed to describe the desired system error dynamics,a robust controller drives the switching plane variables to reach the sliding mode,and the error dynamics will asymptotically converge to zero on the linear sliding mode.Si…     

Laplace Transformation and Ergodic Potential Kernel for q-Process in Random Environment

This paper introduces some concepts such as q-process in random environment, Laplace transformation, ergodic potential kernel, error function and some basic lemmas.We study the continuity and Laplace transformation of random transition function. Finally, we give the sufficient condition for the existence of ergodic potential kernel for homogeneous q-processes in random environments.     

考虑施工次序与土质问题的土石方调运的网络模型研究

土石方施工在高速公路建设中数量巨大，传统的人工调配土石方方法既费时又无法得到最优调运方案．在现有的研究基础上提出考虑施工次序与土质问题的土石方调运研究的网络模型。     

EC,ASMC and Macrophage Oxidize Human Low Density Lipoprotein

Ｉｔｉｓｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｄｕｒｉｎｇａｔｈｅｒｏｓｃｌｅｒｏｓｉｓ (Ａｓ)ｏｘｉｄｉｚｅｄｌｏｗｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ (ｏｘ ＬＤＬ)ｐｌａｙｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｔｈａｔｉｓｔａｋｅｎｕｐｂｙａｒｔｅｒｉａｌｗａｌｌｍａｃｒｏｐｈａｇｅｓａｔａｎｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄｒａｔｅ ,ｌｅａｄｉｎｇｔｏｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｃｈｏｌｅｓｔｅｒｏｌａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｆｏａｍｃｅｌｌｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ .ＴｈｅａｔｈｅｒｏｇｅｎｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｏｘｉｄｉｚｅｄＬＤＬａｌｓｏｉｎｖｏｌｖ…     

COMPARISON OF MAX—MIN APPROACH AND NN METHOD FOR RELIABILITY OPTIMIZATION OF SERIES—PARALLEL SYSTEM

Two heuristics, the max-min approach and the Nakagawa and Nakashima method, are consideredfor the redundancy allocation problem with series-parallel structure. The max-min approach canformulate the problem as an integer linear programming problem instead of an integer nonlinearproblem. This paper presents a comparison between those methods from the standpoint of solutionquality and computational complexity. The experimental results show that the max-min approach issuperior to the Nakagawa and Nakashima method in terms of solution quality in small-scale problems,but analysis of computational complexity shows that the max-min approach is inferior to other greedyheuristics.     

谢尔宾斯基地毯的稳态势场

对于多孔介质和复合媒质的物理特性的研究,数年来人们普遍采用的是属于“平均场”     

一维小极化子模型的代数Bethe-Ansatz方程

本文由一个特殊非对称六顶角模型的L矩阵出发,构造了一维小极化子模型的代数Bethe-Ansatz方程.结果表明,由该方程所得的能谱与用坐标Bethe-Ansatz方法所得的结果一致.