Morphological changes in the pineal gland of the albino rat by hypophysectomy and ovariectomy

Zusammenfassung Die dunklen Pinealzellen waren nach Hypophysektomie beträchtlich vermehrt, während die Vesikeln in den sympathischen Nervenendigungen vermindert waren. Auch nach Ovariektomie waren die dunklen Pinealzellen in geringerem Ausmass vermehrt, ohne dass die Vesikeln vermindert waren. Die osmiophile Granula war sehr spärlich.     

偶氮氯膦-pA分光光度法及催化光度法测定痕量贵金属元素

报道了偶氮氯膦-pA用于痕量贵金属元素钌、铑、钯、饿、铱、铂的测定研究及应用.偶氮氯膦-pA与贵金属钯在硝酸介质中表现为显色反应,建立了光度法测定痕量钯的新方法;而偶氮氯膦-pA在微量贵金属离子钌、铑、铂、饿、铱存在下与氧化剂(高碘酸钾、溴酸钾)的催化褪色反应,则建立了测定这些金属元素的催化分光光度新方法.动力学分析建立了相关的线性方程.本文考察了该系列反应的最佳条件、如反应时间、吸收曲线、检出限及线性范围等.此类方法可直接在水溶液中进行,简便快速,灵敏度高,用于贵金属精矿、催化剂等样品中微量铂系元素的测定,结果满意.     

关于二阶方程的比较定理及其振动性

本文分别讨论了齐次线性、非齐次线性及非线性二阶微分力程的比较定理及其振动性。     

Melanopsin signalling in mammalian iris and retina

Non-mammalian vertebrates have an intrinsically photosensitive iris and thus a local pupillary light reflex (PLR). In contrast, it is thought that the PLR in mammals generally requires neuronal circuitry connecting the eye and the brain. Here we report that an intrinsic component of the PLR is in fact widespread in nocturnal and crepuscular mammals. In mouse, this intrinsic PLR requires the visual pigment melanopsin; it also requires PLCβ4, a vertebrate homologue of the Drosophila NorpA phospholipase C which mediates rhabdomeric phototransduction. The Plcb4(-/-) genotype, in addition to removing the intrinsic PLR, also essentially eliminates the intrinsic light response of the M1 subtype of melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (M1-ipRGCs), which are by far the most photosensitive ipRGC subtype and also have the largest response to light. Ablating in mouse the expression of both TRPC6 and TRPC7, members of the TRP channel superfamily, also essentially eliminated the M1-ipRGC light response but the intrinsic PLR was not affected. Thus, melanopsin signalling exists in both iris and retina, involving a PLCβ4-mediated pathway that nonetheless diverges in the two locations.     

Insights into Wnt binding and signalling from the structures of two Frizzled cysteine-rich domains.

Members of the Frizzled family of seven-pass transmembrane proteins serve as receptors for Wnt signalling proteins. Wnt proteins have important roles in the differentiation and patterning of diverse tissues during animal development, and inappropriate activation of Wnt signalling pathways is a key feature of many cancers. An extracellular cysteine-rich domain (CRD) at the amino terminus of Frizzled proteins binds Wnt proteins, as do homologous domains in soluble proteins-termed secreted Frizzled-related proteins-that function as antagonists of Wnt signalling. Recently, an LDL-receptor-related protein has been shown to function as a co-receptor for Wnt proteins and to bind to a Frizzled CRD in a Wnt-dependent manner. To investigate the molecular nature of the Wnt signalling complex, we determined the crystal structures of the CRDs from mouse Frizzled 8 and secreted Frizzled-related protein 3. Here we show a previously unknown protein fold, and the design and interpretation of CRD mutations that identify a Wnt-binding site. CRDs exhibit a conserved dimer interface that may be a feature of Wnt signalling. This work provides a framework for studies of homologous CRDs in proteins including muscle-specific kinase and Smoothened, a component of the Hedgehog signalling pathway.     

A regular pattern of two types of 100-residue motif in the sequence of titin

Titin is the largest polypeptide yet described (relative molecular mass approximately 3 x 10(6); refs 1, 2) and an abundant protein of striated muscle. Its molecules are string-like and in vivo span from the M to Z-lines. I-band regions of titin are thought to make elastic connections between the thick filament and the Z-line, thereby forming a third type of sarcomere filament. These would centre the A-band in the sarcomere and provide structural continuity in relaxed myofibrils. The A-band region of titin seems to be bound to the thick filament, where it has been proposed to act as a 'molecular ruler' regulating filament length and assembly. Here, we show that partial titin complementary DNAs encode a regular pattern of two types of 100-residue motif, each of which probably folds into a separate domain type. Such motifs are present in several evolutionarily divergent muscle proteins, all of which are likely to interact with myosin. One or both of the domain types is therefore likely to bind to myosin.