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991.
In the present paper we report examination of stereotypic hallmarks of apoptosis in heat-treated tobacco cells. Hyperthermia
(44 °C, 4 h) caused apoptosis in 53.6% of cells when assayed 24 h after heat treatment. The induction of apoptosis by heat
treatment was confirmed by flow cytometric assay. Cytological observations revealed condensation of the cytoplasm and nucleus,
as well as nuclear collapse. DNA ladders were observed in DNA extracted from heat-treated cells, whereas DNA from control
cells remained undegraded. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay revealed
that 51.8% of the heat-treated cells (44 °C, 4 h) show positive reaction after a 24-h recovery. When cells were cultured in
a medium supplemented with 0.4–5.0 mM ZnSO4, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation induced by heat shock was completely negated. Strikingly, when cells were cultured in
Ca2+ and/or Mg2+ free medium for 44 h followed by heat treatment, DNA laddering was not observed. The results suggest hyperthermia-induced
apoptosis and a correlation between the regula tion of endonucleases and heat shock signal in apoptotic tobacco cells.
Received 17 September 1998; received after revision 4 January 1999; accepted 4 January 1999 相似文献
992.
It is easy to apply lines in design drawings to create different styles, however, there is no guarantee that all the style lines drawn are able to be manufactured. In this paper, we focus on one undeliverable style to enhance our understanding of the relationship between the design sketch and the pattern design process. In order to evidence that such style is unworkable, a systematic display of pattern development, and to be reinforced by mathematical evaluation, will be introduced and addressed. When one can easily detect design fault, waste of product development time can be minimized. 相似文献
993.
E A Lindsay A Botta V Jurecic S Carattini-Rivera Y C Cheah H M Rosenblatt A Bradley A Baldini 《Nature》1999,401(6751):379-383
The heterozygous chromosome deletion within the band 22q11 (del22q11) is an important cause of congenital cardiovascular defects. It is the genetic basis of DiGeorge syndrome and causes the most common deletion syndrome in humans. Because the deleted region is largely conserved in the mouse, we were able to engineer a chromosome deletion (Df1) spanning a segment of the murine region homologous to the human deleted region. Here we describe heterozygously deleted (Df1/+) mice with cardiovascular abnormalities of the same type as those associated with del22q11; we have traced the embryological origin of these abnormalities to defective development of the fourth pharyngeal arch arteries. Genetic complementation of the deletion using a chromosome duplicated for the Df1 DNA segment corrects the heart defects, indicating that they are caused by reduced dosage of genes located within Df1. The Df1/+ mouse model reveals the pathogenic basis of the most clinically severe aspect of DiGeorge syndrome and uncovers a new mechanism leading to aortic arch abnormalities. These mutants represent a mouse model of a human deletion syndrome generated by chromosome engineering. 相似文献
994.
Dystrophin expression in the mdx mouse restored by stem cell transplantation. 总被引:180,自引:0,他引:180
E Gussoni Y Soneoka C D Strickland E A Buzney M K Khan A F Flint L M Kunkel R C Mulligan 《Nature》1999,401(6751):390-394
The development of cell or gene therapies for diseases involving cells that are widely distributed throughout the body has been severely hampered by the inability to achieve the disseminated delivery of cells or genes to the affected tissues or organ. Here we report the results of bone marrow transplantation studies in the mdx mouse, an animal model of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, which indicate that the intravenous injection of either normal haematopoietic stem cells or a novel population of muscle-derived stem cells into irradiated animals results in the reconstitution of the haematopoietic compartment of the transplanted recipients, the incorporation of donor-derived nuclei into muscle, and the partial restoration of dystrophin expression in the affected muscle. These results suggest that the transplantation of different stem cell populations, using the procedures of bone marrow transplantation, might provide an unanticipated avenue for treating muscular dystrophy as well as other diseases where the systemic delivery of therapeutic cells to sites throughout the body is critical. Our studies also suggest that the inherent developmental potential of stem cells isolated from diverse tissues or organs may be more similar than previously anticipated. 相似文献
996.
【目的】二肽具有生物活性高、易于合成等优点,但在机体内有较差的代谢稳定性,易被降解,故基于氨基酸性质,对二肽稳定性进行定量预测研究,为设计稳定性好的二肽分子提供理论依据。【方法】基于209个二肽分子在不同时间段的降解率,使用偏最小二乘法,将逐步回归筛选变量与支持向量机、随机森林、多元线性回归等方法相结合,建立多肽降解率与氨基酸理化性质之间的定量预测模型。【结果】最为显著的是对二肽60 min降解率所建模型,对训练集和测试集分别具有良好的估计能力(R2>0.68,Q2>0.57)与预测能力(R2>0.54),能够有效预测二肽分子的降解率;而且基于多元线性回归系数计算的氨基酸贡献能够发现影响二肽稳定性的重要氨基酸,可以指导高稳定性二肽分子的合理设计。【结论】建立的预测模型方法简单,物理意义明确,多种方法均能获得较为理想的预测模型,确保了预测结果的准确性,可用于指导设计和筛选稳定性好的二肽分子。
相似文献
相似文献
997.
Superplastic carbon nanotubes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Huang JY Chen S Wang ZQ Kempa K Wang YM Jo SH Chen G Dresselhaus MS Ren ZF 《Nature》2006,439(7074):281
The theoretical maximum tensile strain--that is, elongation--of a single-walled carbon nanotube is almost 20%, but in practice only 6% is achieved. Here we show that, at high temperatures, individual single-walled carbon nanotubes can undergo superplastic deformation, becoming nearly 280% longer and 15 times narrower before breaking. This superplastic deformation is the result of the nucleation and motion of kinks in the structure, and could prove useful in helping to strengthen and toughen ceramics and other nanocomposites at high temperatures. 相似文献
998.
Howell DA Sullivan M Nugent PE Ellis RS Conley AJ Le Borgne D Carlberg RG Guy J Balam D Basa S Fouchez D Hook IM Hsiao EY Neill JD Pain R Perrett KM Pritchet CJ 《Nature》2006,443(7109):308-311
The accelerating expansion of the Universe, and the need for dark energy, were inferred from observations of type Ia supernovae. There is a consensus that type Ia supernovae are thermonuclear explosions that destroy carbon-oxygen white dwarf stars that have accreted matter from a companion star, although the nature of this companion remains uncertain. These supernovae are thought to be reliable distance indicators because they have a standard amount of fuel and a uniform trigger: they are predicted to explode when the mass of the white dwarf nears the Chandrasekhar mass of 1.4 solar masses (M(o)). Here we show that the high-redshift supernova SNLS-03D3bb has an exceptionally high luminosity and low kinetic energy that both imply a super-Chandrasekhar-mass progenitor. Super-Chandrasekhar-mass supernovae should occur preferentially in a young stellar population, so this may provide an explanation for the observed trend that overluminous type Ia supernovae occur only in 'young' environments. As this supernova does not obey the relations that allow type Ia supernovae to be calibrated as standard candles, and as no counterparts have been found at low redshift, future cosmology studies will have to consider possible contamination from such events. 相似文献
999.
Castellino F Huang AY Altan-Bonnet G Stoll S Scheinecker C Germain RN 《Nature》2006,440(7086):890-895
CD8+ T cells have a crucial role in resistance to pathogens and can kill malignant cells; however, some critical functions of these lymphocytes depend on helper activity provided by a distinct population of CD4+ T cells. Cooperation between these lymphocyte subsets involves recognition of antigens co-presented by the same dendritic cell, but the frequencies of such antigen-bearing cells early in an infection and of the relevant naive T cells are both low. This suggests that an active mechanism facilitates the necessary cell-cell associations. Here we demonstrate that after immunization but before antigen recognition, naive CD8+ T cells in immunogen-draining lymph nodes upregulate the chemokine receptor CCR5, permitting these cells to be attracted to sites of antigen-specific dendritic cell-CD4+ T cell interaction where the cognate chemokines CCL3 and CCL4 (also known as MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta) are produced. Interference with this actively guided recruitment markedly reduces the ability of CD4+ T cells to promote memory CD8+ T-cell generation, indicating that an orchestrated series of differentiation events drives nonrandom cell-cell interactions within lymph nodes, optimizing CD8+ T-cell immune responses involving the few antigen-specific precursors present in the naive repertoire. 相似文献
1000.
Aharonian F Akhperjanian AG Bazer-Bachi AR Beilicke M Benbow W Berge D Bernlöhr K Boisson C Bolz O Borrel V Braun I Breitling F Brown AM Chadwick PM Chounet LM Cornils R Costamante L Degrange B Dickinson HJ Djannati-Ataï A Drury LO Dubus G Emmanoulopoulos D Espigat P Feinstein F Fontaine G Fuchs Y Funk S Gallant YA Giebels B Gillessen S Glicenstein JF Goret P Hadjichristidis C Hauser D Hauser M Heinzelmann G Henri G Hermann G Hinton JA Hofmann W Holleran M Horns D Jacholkowska A de Jager OC 《Nature》2006,439(7077):695-698
The source of Galactic cosmic rays (with energies up to 10(15) eV) remains unclear, although it is widely believed that they originate in the shock waves of expanding supernova remnants. At present the best way to investigate their acceleration and propagation is by observing the gamma-rays produced when cosmic rays interact with interstellar gas. Here we report observations of an extended region of very-high-energy (> 10(11) eV) gamma-ray emission correlated spatially with a complex of giant molecular clouds in the central 200 parsecs of the Milky Way. The hardness of the gamma-ray spectrum and the conditions in those molecular clouds indicate that the cosmic rays giving rise to the gamma-rays are likely to be protons and nuclei rather than electrons. The energy associated with the cosmic rays could have come from a single supernova explosion around 10(4) years ago. 相似文献