应用扩展的Monod模型关联醋酸菌比生长速率

应用扩展的Ｍｏｎｏｄ模型关联了醋酸菌ＩＡＭ１８０２和Ｍ２３的比生长速率，ＩＡＭ１８０２的比生长速率关联式为μ＝０．４８７（１－ＣＰ／２３．８）＾０．２４８ＣＡ／ＣＭ＋ＣＡ；Ｍ２３的关联式为μ＝０．５６８（１－ＣＰ／６１．０）＾０．３０６ＣＡ／ＣＭ＋ＣＡ除临界生长抑制剂浓度附近外，模型良好地表达了两种醋力的比生长速率。     

Cloning of a probable potassium channel gene from mouse brain

Potassium channels comprise a diverse class of ion channels important for neuronal excitability and plasticity. The recent cloning of the Shaker locus from Drosophila melanogaster has provided a starting point for molecular studies of potassium channels. Predicted Shaker proteins appear to be integral membrane proteins and have a sequence similar to the sequence of the S4 segment of the vertebrate sodium channel, where the S4 segment has been proposed to be the voltage sensor. Expression studies in frog oocytes confirm that Shaker encodes a component of a potassium channel (the A channel) that conducts a fast transient potassium current. Here we report the isolation of complementary DNA clones from the mouse brain, the nucleotide sequences of which predict a protein remarkably similar to the Shaker protein. The strong conservation of the predicted protein sequence in flies and mammals suggests that these mouse clones encode a potassium channel component and that the conserved amino acids may be essential to some aspect of potassium channel function.     

Novel precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid protein shows protease inhibitory activity

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by cerebral deposits of amyloid beta-protein (AP) as senile plaque core and vascular amyloid, and a complementary DNA encoding a precursor of this protein (APP) has been cloned from human brain. From a cDNA library of a human glioblastoma cell line, we have isolated a cDNA identical to that previously reported, together with a new cDNA which contains a 225-nucleotide insert. The sequence of the 56 amino acids at the N-terminal of the protein deduced from this insert is highly homologous to the basic trypsin inhibitor family, and the lysate from COS-1 cells transfected with the longer APP cDNA showed an increased inhibition of trypsin activity. Partial sequencing of the genomic DNA encoding APP showed that the 225 nucleotides are located in two exons. At least three messenger RNA species, apparently transcribed from a single APP gene by alternative splicing, were found in human brain. We suggest that protease inhibition by the longer APP(s) could be related to aberrant APP catabolism.     

Expression of human proteoglycan in Chinese hamster ovary cells inhibits cell proliferation

In studying the functional role of an extracellular matrix proteoglycan, decorin, we have made observations that suggest a role for this proteoglycan in the control of cell proliferation. Extracellular matrices are made up of different combinations of collagens, elastin, hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans and various glycoproteins such as fibronectin. Most of these components can interact with cells, and much of the control of cell adhesion, migration and differentiation appears to be mediated by these interactions. Earlier studies have also attributed growth-regulatory activities to intact extracellular matrices, but the individual molecules responsible for these effects have not been characterized. We report here that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines expressing human decorin from a stably transfected complementary DNA construct form a more orderly monolayer and grow to a lower saturation density than control cells lacking decorin. The extent of the morphological changes correlates with the level of decorin expression, and the saturation density is inversely proportional to it. The reduction in the saturation densities of the cell lines with the highest expression of decorin is more than 50%. These results reveal a novel growth inhibitory mechanism which may be related to contact inhibition of cell proliferation.     

广义分层抽样

本文是分层抽样法在组织方法上的改进,证明了这种方法提高了抽样的精确度,且分别在三种不同条件下,推导出求样本数的公式,最后给出一个应用此法的实例。     

碳纤维(长纤)增强铜基复合材料的研究

本文根据碳纤维的性能特点,研究了连续分级电沉积的工艺,设计并制造了连续三级电沉积曲专用设备,采用连续三级电沉积加真空热压扩散的方法,制备了碳纤维(长纤)增强铜基复合材料,其单轴向抗拉强度可达590MPa。试验表明:上述制备方法,不仅操作温度低,纤维体积比易于调整,纤维排布均匀,可连续作业,成本较低;而且能制备较高性能的碳纤维增强铜基复合材料。     

紫荆的小孢子发生与雄配子体的发育

本文对紫荆(Cercis chinensis Bge.)的小孢子发生、雄配子体的发育进行了初步研究.应用扫描电镜对成熟花粉粒的外部形态进行了观察.雄蕊花药四室,纵裂.孢原细胞二个位于表皮之下.成熟花药具五层药壁:表皮、药室内壁、二层中层和一层绒毡层.绒毡层为分泌型.小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为同时型,小孢子呈四面体型排列.成熟花粉粒圆球形,三细胞.三条萌发沟,外壁具网状纹饰.     

改善苎麻及其混纺纱弹性研究

本文主要为了改善苎麻纱和麻棉纱的弹性,对苎麻纱、麻棉纱和棉纱进行了碱处理。并根据前人所做的工作,即有张力状态下碱处理和松弛状态下碱处理,其纱线性能存在较大差异,因而本文着重考虑在不同张力状态下进行碱处理,研究结果表明,采用低张力进行碱处理。其苎麻纱和麻棉纱的最大变形能力即断裂伸长显著增加,初始弹性模量显著下降,纱线变形恢复能力显著提高。     

Myosin subfragment-1 is sufficient to move actin filaments in vitro

The rotating crossbridge model for muscle contraction proposes that force is produced by a change in angle of the crossbridge between the overlapping thick and thin filaments. Myosin, the major component of the thick filament, is comprised of two heavy chains and two pairs of light chains. Together they form two globular heads, which give rise to the crossbridge in muscle, and a coiled-coil rod, which forms the shaft of the thick filament. The isolated head fragment, subfragment-1 (S1), contains the ATPase and actin-binding activities of myosin (Fig. 1). Although S1 seems to have the requisite enzymatic activity, direct evidence that S1 is sufficient to drive actin movement has been lacking. It has long been recognized that in vitro movement assays are an important approach for identifying the elements in muscle responsible for force generation. Hynes et al. showed that beads coated with heavy meromyosin (HMM), a soluble proteolytic fragment of myosin consisting of a part of the rod and the two heads, can move on Nitella actin filaments. Using the myosin-coated surface assay of Kron and Spudich, Harada et al. showed that single-headed myosin filaments bound to glass support movement of actin at nearly the same speed as intact myosin filaments. These studies show that the terminal portion of the rod and the two-headed nature of myosin are not required for movement. To restrict the region responsible for movement further, we have modified the myosin-coated surface assay by replacing the glass surface with a nitrocellulose film. Here we report that myosin filaments, soluble myosin, HMM or S1, when bound to a nitrocellulose film, support actin sliding movement (Fig. 2). That S1 is sufficient to cause sliding movement of actin filaments in vitro gives strong support to models of contraction that place the site of active movement in muscle within the myosin head.     

Expression and functional characterization of artificial mutants of interleukin-2 receptor

The physiological proliferation of T lymphocytes (T cells) requires interaction between the humoral growth factor, interleukin 2 (IL-2) and its cell-surface receptor. Studies of IL-2 binding to the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) on T cells have revealed that there are two distinct species of IL-2R, one with high and one with low affinity. Isolation and characterization of cDNA for the human IL-2R made it possible to deduce the complete primary sequence (251 residues) of the receptor protein. However, expression of IL-2R alone is not sufficient for either growth signal transduction or high-affinity site formation: another lymphocyte-specific molecule called converter seems to be required for the biological activity of IL-2R. We found that the converter did not form a stable complex with IL-2R unless the receptor bound the ligand (the 'affinity conversion' model). To discover which are the functionally important parts of the human IL-2R we have constructed artificial mutant cDNAs encoding the receptor. The mutant receptors produced from them had deletions or substitutions in the cytoplasmic region (13 residues), the transmembrane region (19 residues) or the carboxy-terminal portion of the extracellular region (219 residues). All were active in growth signal transduction, efficient internalization and high-affinity site formation in two mouse T-cell lines, suggesting that the extracellular region of IL-2R and the converter may be responsible for growth signal transduction.