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896.
对互联网拓扑结构局部特性展开研究,针对已有IP定位数据库的异构性和准确率不高造成的特征度量分析存在偏差的问题,提出了一种基于机器学习的修正算法(IPMG).以复杂网络为基础,结合网络测量数据和已有IP定位数据库中的IP地理位置信息,定义了互联网局部拓扑结构的地理度和地理介数这两种新的特征度量;分析了地理度和地理介数分布的幂律特性以及二者与IP地理位置之间的关系;运用机器学习的方法修正了不同IP定位数据库之间存在的分析有偏差的问题,并通过交叉验证和地标验证结合的方法验证了IPMG算法的有效性.实验结果表明:IPMG算法有效修正地理度和地理介数的同时提高了IP定位数据库的准确率. 相似文献
897.
Christopher Monckton Willie W.-H.Soon David R.Legates William M.Briggs 《科学通报(英文版)》2015,(1):122-135,1
设计了一个非专业人士能够使用、最简化的气候敏感模型,用来研究人类活动所导致的全球变暖的幅度问题.在1990年的第一次IPCC评估报告中,IPCC对其报告中预测的未来全球变暖幅度很有信心,但是随后的观测结果显示全球的变暖幅度只有预测的一半.而自2001年起,全球变暖出现停滞,但是仅仅考虑到二氧化碳浓度的增加,很少有模型能够模拟出这一变化.在已出版的IPCC第五次评估报告的草稿中,IPCC大幅度削减了近期变暖的幅度,并以专家评估代替了模型预测.但是报告中关于未来气候长期变化的预测仍被保留.如果把IPCC模型的总反馈从1.9 W m–2 K–1调整到1.5 W m–2 K–1,气候敏感模型中模拟的温度将从3.2 K降至2.2 K.同时由于反馈很可能是净负反馈,更合适的估计应该是1.0 K.1.0 K是一个能够实现的增幅,21世纪的实际变暖将会小于1 K.即使燃烧所有可开采的化石燃料也不会使全球变暖的幅度超过2.2 K,这一增加幅度也将趋于平稳.本文认为解决IPCC第四、五次报告中评估方法的差异非常关键.一旦这些差异得到解决,人类活动导致的全球变暖在22世纪以及几个世纪以后的平稳态将有可能不会超过IPCC当前模型预测的1/3~1/2. 相似文献
898.
Radiation hybrid map of the mouse genome. 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
W J Van Etten R G Steen H Nguyen A B Castle D K Slonim B Ge C Nusbaum G D Schuler E S Lander T J Hudson 《Nature genetics》1999,22(4):384-387
Radiation hybrid (RH) maps are a useful tool for genome analysis, providing a direct method for localizing genes and anchoring physical maps and genomic sequence along chromosomes. The construction of a comprehensive RH map for the human genome has resulted in gene maps reflecting the location of more than 30,000 human genes. Here we report the first comprehensive RH map of the mouse genome. The map contains 2,486 loci screened against an RH panel of 93 cell lines. Most loci (93%) are simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLPs) taken from the mouse genetic map, thereby providing direct integration between these two key maps. We performed RH mapping by a new and efficient approach in which we replaced traditional gel- or hybridization-based assays by a homogeneous 5'-nuclease assays involving a single common probe for all genetic markers. The map provides essentially complete connectivity and coverage across the genome, and good resolution for ordering loci, with 1 centiRay (cR) corresponding to an average of approximately 100 kb. The RH map, together with an accompanying World-Wide Web server, makes it possible for any investigator to rapidly localize sequences in the mouse genome. Together with the previously constructed genetic map and a YAC-based physical map reported in a companion paper, the fundamental maps required for mouse genomics are now available. 相似文献
899.
B S Mankoo N S Collins P Ashby E Grigorieva L H Pevny A Candia C V Wright P W Rigby V Pachnis 《Nature》1999,400(6739):69-73
The skeletal muscles of the limbs develop from myogenic progenitors that originate in the paraxial mesoderm and migrate into the limb-bud mesenchyme. Among the genes known to be important for muscle development in mammalian embryos are those encoding the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs; MyoD, Myf5, myogenin and MRF4) and Pax3, a paired-type homeobox gene that is critical for the development of limb musculature. Mox1 and Mox2 are closely related homeobox genes that are expressed in overlapping patterns in the paraxial mesoderm and its derivatives. Here we show that mice homozygous for a null mutation of Mox2 have a developmental defect of the limb musculature, characterized by an overall reduction in muscle mass and elimination of specific muscles. Mox2 is not needed for the migration of myogenic precursors into the limb bud, but it is essential for normal appendicular muscle formation and for the normal regulation of myogenic genes, as demonstrated by the downregulation of Pax3 and Myf5 but not MyoD in Mox2-deficient limb buds. Our findings show that the MOX2 homeoprotein is an important regulator of vertebrate limb myogenesis. 相似文献
900.
Structure and assembly of the 20S proteasome 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
W. L. H. Gerards W. W. de Jong W. Boelens H. Bloemendal 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1998,54(3):253-262
The barrel-shaped 20S proteasome is one of the two components of a larger 26S particle, the multicatalytic 2000-kDa protease
complex. The proteolytic sites are located in the inner chamber of the 20S particle and are only accessible via narrow entrances.
This paper reviews the current knowledge concerning proteasome formation, proteolytic activities, structural aspects and assembly.
Eukaryotic proteasomes are made up by four rings each of which contains seven different subunits occurring at fixed positions.
While the outer rings contain α-type subunits, the inner ones comprise β-type subunits. The current assembly model for eukaryotic 20S proteasomes is based upon the detection of 13S and 16S intermediates,
respectively, in addition to previous findings with archaebacterial and eubacterial proteasome assembly. The available data
suggest a cooperative assembly of the α-type and β-type subunits into half proteasome-like complexes followed by dimerization into proteasomes. During or after dimerization
of half proteasomes, the β-type subunits are processed. The prosequence of the β-type subunits is essential for the assembly process and prevents protease activity of immature proteasomes. 相似文献