芳叔胺体系引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯在木材上的接枝共聚合反应(Ⅰ报)

含芳叔胺的引发体系:(1)N,N-二甲基苯胺～氯化苄,(2)N,N-二甲基苯胺-氯化苄～醋酸,能引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯在木材纤维索(香红木)上接枝共聚。本文研究了引发剂浓度、反应温度及反应时间对表观接枝率(G_a)和抗收缩系数(ASE)值的影响。实验证明这两个引发体系是有效的,且第三组份醋酸能明显地提高G_a及ASE值。在合适的反应条件下,G_a值可高达20%,ASE值达47%。     

高速列车运行引起的地表振动分析

把轨道作为弹性地基上的梁，得到轨枕与道床之间的动反力，采用薄层法求得分层土体的稳态响应，建立了运行车辆-轨道-环境振动模型，首次对秦沈高速铁路列车运行产生的沿线地基的振动响应进行了分析与对比．分析表明：移动轴重作用率对加速度频谱起控制作用，在其附近出现峰值；加速度随列车速度的提高缓慢增加，当列车速度接近地表的瑞利波速时，会引起振动放大现象；理论模型能很好地预测近场的振动响应．     

服务质量约束下网络商店与物流服务商协调模型

针对网络商店和第三方物流(TPL)形成的服务供需关系,引入反映第三方物流服务质量的配送完好率因素.在产品需求是价格和配送完好率函数的条件下,建立了非合作博弈和合作博弈下的决策模型.对两种决策模型进行对比分析,指出传统合同的不足,而所设计的收益共享契约能实现供应链协调.算例分析进一步验证了提升服务质量有利于增加供应链总收益,且通过选择恰当的收益分配系数能使双方收益实现帕累托最优,并给出了分配系数的范围.此外,研究还表明协调契约能有效激励第三方物流企业降低服务报价并激励网络商店降低商品价格.     

辅助语音评分系统中一种流利度自动评分方法

流利度评分是目前计算机辅助自动发音评分系统中一个重要组成部分。为了解决流利度特征表述中和内容、韵律等高级表述技巧相关的广义流利问题,该文提出了一种能够全面客观地评价口语流利度通顺性和韵律性的评分方法。该方法除了通顺性之外,可以提取停顿、韵律、连读和失去爆破等特征;评分过程中,系统采用多层次融合方法,分别从句子级和篇章级提取流利度特征,其中篇章级得分由句子级加权得分和篇章级特征进行融合得到。在实验中,分别以机器得分和人工平均分的相关度、均方差等指标比较了多元线性回归(LR)、BP神经网络、支持向量回归机(SVR)3种算法的性能。结果表明:基于非线性建模的BP神经网络和支持向量回归机拟合的得分模型要好于多元线性回归;该方法可以作为一个重要指标,应用在计算机辅助语音评分系统中。     

Differentiation and accumulation of fluids in A-type granites: Evidence from accessory mineral study

The Laoshan A-type granite is a highly evolved granite body. The study on accessory minerals indicates that there exist differentiation and accumulation of fluids during the late stage of evolution of the granite. The released fluids are rich in rare-earth elements (REE), high-fieldstrength elements (HFSE, such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Th, U, and Y) and volatiles (F, P, CO₂, etc.). Owing to the presence of fluid, accessory mineral assemblages have changed during the evolution of A-type granite, and are especially characterized by large amounts of independent REE-Nb-Y-Th minerals present in the late facies. Late-accumulation of fluids may be of the general feature of A-type granites, at least of highly evolved ones.     

A modeling method of semiconductor fabrication flows with extended knowledge hybrid Petri nets

A modeling method of extended knowledge hybrid Petri nets (EKHPNs), incorporating object-oriented methods into hybrid Petri nets (HPNs), was presented and used for the representation and modeling of semiconductor wafer fabrication flows. To model the discrete and continuous parts of a complex semiconductor wafer fabrication flow, the HPNs were introduced into the EKHPNs. Object-oriented methods were combined into the EKHPNs for coping with the complexity of the fabrication flow. Knowledge annotations were introduced to solve input and output conflicts of the EKHPNs.Finally, to demonstrate the validity of the EKHPN method, a real semiconductor wafer fabrication case was used to illustrate the modeling procedure. The modeling results indicate that the proposed method can be used to model a complex semiconductor wafer fabrication flow expediently.     

储层中稳态油层的水动力学模型

为储层中的稳态油层导出了一个二维的水动力学模型，该模型综合考虑了水动力、浮力、毛细管压力、界面张力、储层中水油、岩石的物性参数以及储层的构造形态等因素，得到以下微、积分方程：２Ｔｄ２ｈｄｌ２＝Ｑμ∫ｌ０ｄｌ′ｋ（ｈ（ｌ′），ｌ′）［Ｈ（ｌ′）－ｈ（ｌ′）］－ｇ∫ｌ０Δρ（ｌ′）［ｓｉｎθ（ｌ′）－ｈ（ｌ′）ｌ′ｃｏｓθ（ｌ′）］ｄｌ′用叠代法解得方程的解析解，就可预测储层中油层存在的可能性，并求得油－水界面的形态、油层的最大厚度等。通过对Ｈｕｂｂｅｒｔ（１９５３）实验和东营凹陷樊家油田的油层进行的计算表明，理论模拟和实际情况较为吻合。     

Application and Development of Biomass Fuels for Transportation in China

Biomass fuels have become a big concern due to the large increase in green house gases and the rapid rise of petroleum prices around the world. This paper reviews recent developments in biomass fuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, in China. Ethanol-gasoline mixture (E10) for vehicles is currently distributed in nine provinces while biodiesel is under development. One way to extend the application of ethanol is to burn it in diesel engines to lower soot emissions. The effects of the different methods blending ethanol with fossil diesel, and blending biodiesel with fossil diesel and ethanol-diesel on the combustion and emissions are investigated. The test results show that ethanol and biodiesel can be mixed with fossil diesel to greatly reduce particulate matter and soot emissions from diesel engines. But the application of ethanol blending with fossil diesel is more difficult than that of ethanol blending with gasoline, and biodiesel blending with fossil diesel. The dual-fuel injection of ethanol and diesel systems has the highest smoke reduction effect for a high ethanol fraction.     

高能级强夯加固粗颗粒碎石回填地基现场试验

利用能级为15 000kN.m的高能级强夯加固粗颗粒碎石回填地基,测试夯击过程中夯坑及其周边土体的沉降变形,并对强夯后的地基加固效果进行检测与评价.可发现,第1、2和3遍夯击时的平均夯坑深度分别达到4.38,3.71和1.93m,夯击过程中地表土体都发生沉降变形,并未发生隆起;利用多道瞬态面波法评价该场地强夯加固深度至少达到16.5m,并且在整个加固深度范围内,未出现软弱层,夯后地基承载力远高于设计要求值.最后,提出了利用Menard公式评价高能级强夯处理粗颗粒碎石回填地基有效加固深度时n值的范围,为同类场地条件下高能级强夯工程的设计、施工与检测提供了参考.     

分层填埋场竖井及水平井联合抽气

采用特征函数展开法求解分层填埋场的二维气体运移模型,考虑了由于压缩、降解和含水量分布不均等引起的产气率和渗透系数成层特性以及垃圾的各向异性,然后结合边界和连续性条件确定其待定参数.最后,基于考虑了气体竖向和水平向运移的解析解,研究了竖井、水平井收集系统和排气层对填埋场内气体压力和回收率的影响,进一步提出了土工膜覆盖下填埋场气体收集系统的设计方法.