Reverberation nulling and echo enhancement at low frequency using waveguide invariance

Based on the fact that the transfer function vector between a source receiver array and the dominant scatterer of boundary reverberation at a range can be obtained from the corresponding reverberations scattered from this range cell, a reverberation nulling concept using time reversal processing has been proposed. However, current reverberation nulling methods have certain limitations when applied into practice, which would null boundary reverberation and target echo simultaneously. As a solution, a passive reverberation nulling and echo enhancement method at low frequency using waveguide invariance is proposed in this paper. In this method, the reverberation subspace for the target range cell is not obtained directly from the return signals scattered by the target range cell but from the return signals scattered by a range cell located before the target using waveguide invariance, so as to suppress the reverberation embodied in the target echo by passive reverberation nulling. Besides, a range-dependent optimal weighting vector rather than conventional projector matrix is deduced to null the reverberation component meanwhile maximizing the target echo, thereby enhancing the echo-to-reverberation ratio furthest. Numerical simulations in typical range-independent shallow water environment demonstrate the efficacy and the improved performance of the proposed method for echo-to-reverberation enhancement.     

激光辐照移动平板温度场分布的有限元分析

基于热传导理论,采用有限元方法建立激光辐照无限长移动平板表面激发瞬态温度场的三维模型,用以研究移动平板上下表面瞬态温度场.考虑板材料的热物理参数依赖于温度、板表面的热辐射及对流等因素,计算了上述因素及移动速度对温度场的影响,并进一步讨论了激光半径对温度场的影响.数值结果表明:激光辐照移动平板后,在材料中将产生准稳态温度...     

基于智能体模拟的结构性疏散计划设计研究

展示了一个基于Agent模拟方法的框架方法,用于为危急中的复杂技术系统设计结构性的疏散计划.该计划利用复杂自适应系统的模拟方式,并采用基于智能体模拟的方法作为认知工具来设计整体系统的疏散方案.结构化的疏散计划应用文中提出的整体性技术框架,没有采用标准化的常规方法.提出了一个使疏散人群能够更加适应的调整危机时刻的紧急情况和减少无效疏散的建议性方案.本框架方法在一个典型的复杂自适应系统一地铁火灾中得到应用.     

我国高等职业教育发展困境分析与对策

高等职业教育是我国高等教育事业的重要组成,大力发展高等职业教育是加快我国人力资源开发,提高人文素质,培养创新型、复合型人才的重要途径。通过对我国高等职业教育发展中存在问题的分析,进而提出了解决策略和建议,期待我国高职教育又快又好的健康发展。     

轨道交通多线换乘设计

文章以上海桌综合交通枢纽地铁站为研究对象,对城市轨道交通的换乘原则、换乘方式及近远期结合建设顺序注意事项进行了阐述.     

地震人为灾害的危害性及其预防措施

地震灾害不仅仅是一种单纯的自然灾害,而是自然作用与人类行为共同引起的综合致灾过程,地震时人们错误的应变行为是引起非地震人员伤亡的主要因素.文章阐述了地震人为灾害的概念,通过丰富的震害资料说明人为灾害的危害性,分析了产生人为灾害的原因,并提出了相应的预防对策.     

Structure of a nanobody-stabilized active state of the β(2) adrenoceptor

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) exhibit a spectrum of functional behaviours in response to natural and synthetic ligands. Recent crystal structures provide insights into inactive states of several GPCRs. Efforts to obtain an agonist-bound active-state GPCR structure have proven difficult due to the inherent instability of this state in the absence of a G protein. We generated a camelid antibody fragment (nanobody) to the human β(2) adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) that exhibits G protein-like behaviour, and obtained an agonist-bound, active-state crystal structure of the receptor-nanobody complex. Comparison with the inactive β(2)AR structure reveals subtle changes in the binding pocket; however, these small changes are associated with an 11?? outward movement of the cytoplasmic end of transmembrane segment 6, and rearrangements of transmembrane segments 5 and 7 that are remarkably similar to those observed in opsin, an active form of rhodopsin. This structure provides insights into the process of agonist binding and activation.     

Crystal structure of the β2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for the majority of cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters as well as the senses of sight, olfaction and taste. The paradigm of GPCR signalling is the activation of a heterotrimeric GTP binding protein (G protein) by an agonist-occupied receptor. The β(2) adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) activation of Gs, the stimulatory G protein for adenylyl cyclase, has long been a model system for GPCR signalling. Here we present the crystal structure of the active state ternary complex composed of agonist-occupied monomeric β(2)AR and nucleotide-free Gs heterotrimer. The principal interactions between the β(2)AR and Gs involve the amino- and carboxy-terminal α-helices of Gs, with conformational changes propagating to the nucleotide-binding pocket. The largest conformational changes in the β(2)AR include a 14 ? outward movement at the cytoplasmic end of transmembrane segment 6 (TM6) and an α-helical extension of the cytoplasmic end of TM5. The most surprising observation is a major displacement of the α-helical domain of Gαs relative to the Ras-like GTPase domain. This crystal structure represents the first high-resolution view of transmembrane signalling by a GPCR.