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191.
192.
A QTL for rice grain width and weight encodes a previously unknown RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase 总被引:59,自引:0,他引:59
Grain weight is one of the most important components of grain yield and is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) derived from natural variations in crops. However, the molecular roles of QTLs in the regulation of grain weight have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of GW2, a new QTL that controls rice grain width and weight. Our data show that GW2 encodes a previously unknown RING-type protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which is known to function in the degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Loss of GW2 function increased cell numbers, resulting in a larger (wider) spikelet hull, and it accelerated the grain milk filling rate, resulting in enhanced grain width, weight and yield. Our results suggest that GW2 negatively regulates cell division by targeting its substrate(s) to proteasomes for regulated proteolysis. The functional characterization of GW2 provides insight into the mechanism of seed development and is a potential tool for improving grain yield in crops. 相似文献
193.
Chen Liangzhou Shi Wenkang & Du FengSchool of Electronics & Electrics Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai P. R. China 《系统工程与电子技术(英文版)》2005,16(2)
1.INTRODUCTION Dempster Shafertheoryiswidelyusedinmanyfields suchasinformationfusionanddecision making[1,2].Anditisaverysimpleandstraightforwardwayofex tendingclassicalprobabilitytheory.However,Demp ster’scombinationoperatorisapoorsolutionforthe managementoftheconflictbetweenthevariousinfor mationsourcesatthenormalizationstep.Severalau thorshavecriticizeditandsomehaveproposedother solutions[3,4].InRef.[4],Lefevrehaspointedout thatthecoreofalotofmodifiedmethodistheassign mentoftheconfli… 相似文献
194.
由于受应试教育的影响,重智轻体的现象极为严重,加之教育经费短缺.体育教学条件简陋,致使农村学校体育工作的开展受到严重影响。本文就黑龙江省农村学校体育工作状况进行了分析,并为改变目前农村学校体育落后面貌提出了几点建议。 相似文献
195.
公交车辆在线路运行中受到多种随机因素的影响,如道路交通状况、站点乘客上下车等,导致同一线路公交车辆的车头时距产生较大波动,降低公交车辆的运载效率及服务质量。滞站策略能够有效保持公交车辆车头时距的稳定性。鉴于随机因素对公交线路的影响,将公交滞站问题看成多阶段随机决策过程,利用随机决策理论和动态规划的最优化原理,确定出每辆车到达控制点时的最佳滞留时间,使整个线路车头时距波动方差的期望值最小化,进而得到最佳公交车辆滞站决策方案。通过实例分析,随机决策滞站策略,能够显著降低乘客的平均等待时间,提高公交服务质量,且在稳定性及抗干扰性具有明显优势。 相似文献
196.
197.
In this study, photo-Fenton oxidation was applied to degradation of sulfamonomethoxine sodium (SMMS) in aqueous solution. The operation parameters of pH, temperature, and concentrations of H2O2, Fe2+ and SMMS were investigated. The optimum conditions for the photo-Fenton process were determined as follows: [SMMS]=4.53 mg/L, pH 4.0, [H2O2]=0.49 mmol/L, [Fe2+]= 19.51 μmol/L and T=25°C. Under these conditions 98.5% of the SMMS degraded. The kinetics were also studied, and degradation of SMMS by the photo-Fenton process could be described by first-order kinetics. The apparent activation energy was calculated as 23.95 kJ/mol. Mineralization of the process was investigated by measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the COD decreased by 99% after 120 min. This process could be used as a pretreatment method for wastewater containing sulfamonomethoxine sodium. 相似文献
198.
199.
用面向对象程序设计神经网络的算法类库 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据面向对象的程序(OOP)设计的优越性,用C++语言,针对神经网络BP算法和GA算法,编写了神经网络及其算法类库:目的是为神经网络学习算法的发展和深入及其应用于工程提供方便和有利工具.且给出利用该类库实现的非线性系统辨识结果 相似文献
200.
In this paper, the joint production and recycling problem is investigated for a hybrid manufacturing and remanufacturing system where brand-new products are produced in the manufacturing plant and recycled products are remanufactured into as-new products in the remanufacturing facility. Both the brand-new products and remanufactured products are used to satisfy customer demands. Returns of used products that are recycled from customers are assumed to be stochastic and nonlinearly price-dependent. A mathematical model is proposed to maximize the overall profit of the system through simultaneously optimizing the production and recycling decisions, subject to two capacity constraints — the manufacturing capacity and the remanufacturing capacity. Based on Lagrangian relaxation method, subgradient algorithm and heuristic algorithm, a solution approach is developed to solve the problem. A representative example is presented to illustrate the system, and managerial analysis indicates that the uncertainties in demand and return have much influence on the production and recycling policy. In addition, twenty randomly produced examples are solved, and computational results show that the solution approach can obtain very good solutions for all examples in reasonable time. 相似文献