Conformations and adsorption behavior of poly（allylamine hydrochloride） studied by single molecule force spectroscopy

Poly（allylamine hydrochloride） （PAH）, which is frequently used in fabricating polyelectrolyte multilayer films, was studied by single molecule force spectroscopy （SMFS）. Plenty of force-extension curves with a long plateau were obtained in water, indicating that train-like structure was predominant when PAH was adsorbed on the substrate. It was found that the peak-type force-extension curves of PAH in water were not able to be fitted by the modified freely-jointed chain model. Additionally, there was a flat region in the derivative of force-extension curves. Thus, it was inferred that PAH chain in water was in a special conformation and underwent a ＂conformational transition＂ under the stretching of an external force. This phenomenon did not appear in the SMFS experiment in 1 mol/L urea solution, which indicated that urea was able to break the special conformation.     

Features of the EAP events on the medium-range evolution process and the mid- and high-latitude Rossby wave activities during the Meiyu period

In this paper, features for the evolution of the East Asia/Pacific （EAP） events and their association with high- and mid-latitude Rossby waves during the Meiyu period are analyzed on the medium-range time scale, it is shown that life cycles of the positive and negative EAP events cannot be simply regarded as ＂mirror＂ each other. In the upper troposphere, downward propagations of Rossby wave packets both over high- and mid-latitude regions of Eurasian continent and over the Asian jet region are responsible for generating basic patterns of high- and mid-latitude anomaly centers of the events. In this layer, Rossby wave packets also propagate from the mid-latitude anomaly center to the high-latitude one. In the middle and lower troposphere, the formation of the subtropical anomaly center of the event is mainly attributed to the anomalous convective activity in the tropical Pacific warm pool. The northward Rossby wave energy dispersion from this center is favorable to the enhancement and maintenance of the mid-latitude anomaly center in the same layer. Finally, it might be hypothesized that typical features of the positive and negative EAP events in their mature phase result from the interaction between （or phase-locking of） respective anomalous circulations induced both by quasi-zonal Rossby wave packets embedded in upper troposphere westerly and by quasi-meridional Rossby wave packets in the background flow of the East Asian summer monsoon in the middle and lower troposphere.     

Estimation of wind erosion rates by using 137Cs tracing technique: A case study in Tariat-Xilin Gol transect, Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we established the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the 137Cs tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. Our results showed that the 137Cs inventories of sampling sites ranged from 265.63=44.91 to 1279.54=166.53 Bq. m-2, and the wind erosion rates varied from 64.58 to 419.63 t. km-2. a-~ accordingly. In the Mongolia section of the transect （from Tariat to Sainshand）, the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc., and the impact of human activities was negligible. While in the China section of the transect （Inner Mongolia）, the wind erosion rates of Xilin Hot and Zhengxiangbai Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these three sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these two regions of Inner Mongolia.     

中小企业融资问题浅析

文章从分析中小企业内部和外部所存在的问题入手,提出了解决中小企业融资问题的途径,即必须从企业自身、银行体系和国家政策等多方面进行统筹考虑.     

论方的构成造型

文章结合童年时的游戏,对方的构成造型进行了明确的分析,并针对方形构成的认识介绍了几种形式构成。     

石渣填筑路基的施工工艺及质量控制

文章结合岚古线公路石渣路基的试验与施工情况,对石渣填筑路基的施工工艺和质量控制进行了探讨。     

论方的构成造型

文章结合童年时的游戏,对方的构成造型进行了明确的分析,并针对方形构成的认识介绍了几种形式构成.     

论社会建构主义形成的理论根源

通过参考众多社会建构主义的相关资料,文章着重从社会建构主义形成的理论根源出发,阐述了社会建构主义形成过程中主要的理论背景,目的在于能够更清楚地了解社会建构主义产生的背景,从而更进一步地了解社会建构主义的相关理论.     

Borg定理的改进

Borg定理是判定周期系数二阶线性微分方程稳定的一个重要工具,本文在弱的限制下改进Borg定理.     

试论教育的生命基础

文章探讨了生命教育提出的背景和意义,论述了生命教育的历史和现状,讨论了生命教育的界定、内涵、目标和内容,以期望能对当前生命教育有进一步的认识和启发.