年轻火山岩激光40Ar/39Ar定年中的n值与MSWD值

激光熔蚀⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar等时线法是第四纪年轻火山岩样品精细定年的新方法, 该方法处于逐步完善过程中。针对怎样判定获得的年龄结果是否可靠的问题, 通过对数据处理过程中所用参数的分析, 认为样品属性是决定年轻火山岩精细定年结果质量和可靠性的关键因素, 与样品测试数n值相关的加权均方差MSWD(mean square weighted deviation)是判断同一样品各测试点的数据是否符合正态分布, 能否用来客观地评价测试结果, 进而评估样品是否适合进行相关测试, 结果是否可靠的重要指标。其次, 属于同一真实年龄值样品的MSWD在99.7%置信区间的取值范围可通过计算加以确认, 并提出对于表面年龄和等时线年龄数据, 必须定量地考察相应的MSWD值, 判定在具有足够样品测试数(足够大的n值)的情况下, 是否符合概率统计的正态分布, 确定样品是否对应同一年龄真实值。在MSWD值达不到理想值1.0的情况下, 可以利用表面年龄概率密度曲线, 区分测试样品内部包含的非同源或非等时或封闭不好体系的数据, 再结合MSWD与n值关系, 适量地去除部分偏离正态分布的测试数据, 识别出可能归属多个年龄真实值的测试数据组, 并以此计算不同数据组的反等时线年龄, 获得年轻火山岩喷发的准确年龄。     

Wiener Indices in Random Cyclooctane Chains

The Wiener index of a connected graph (molecule graph) G is the sum of the distances between all pairs of vertices of G. In this paper, simple exact formula are established for the expected value of Wiener index in random cyclooctane chain. Moreover, we obtain the average value of the Wiener indices with respect to the set of all cyclooctane chains with n octagons.     

跨境电商人才校企协同育人模式探析

针对跨境电商飞速发展导致人才缺口持续加大的问题,提出跨境电商人才需要具备外语交流、外贸实务、网络技术、国际物流和跨文化沟通等五个方面的素质,认为校企协同育人应是跨境电商人才培养的首选模式。构建了校企合作指导跨境电商实习、依托企业以赛促练、学生代理企业产品和共建跨境电商人才培养的课程体系。     

学龄前和学龄期儿童希氏束以上心动过速性心肌病高危因素分析

目的探讨学龄前和学龄期儿童希氏束以上的心动过速(室上性心动过速)与心动过速性心肌病的相关性及高危因素.方法选取室上性心动过速患儿179例,根据心动过速时心功能状态分为心肌病组23例,非心肌病组156例.分析患儿性别、年龄、发作类型、发作频率、持续时间、心室率与心功能损伤的关系和相关高危因素.结果 179例患儿中心动过速性心肌病23例,其中房室折返性、房室结折返性、无明确分类的心肌病分别为7例、10例、6例.房速所致心动过速性心肌病发生率为25.00%(8/32),明显高于阵发性室上性心动过速所致的心肌病发生率10.20%(15/147),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).心肌病组患儿中房速所占比例、发作持续时间明显高于非心肌病组患儿,发作频率明显低于非心肌病组患儿,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05).二元Logistic回归分析显示:发作持续时间是心动过速性心肌病的独立影响因素.结论学龄前和学龄期儿童室上性心动过速所致心动过速性心肌病的发生率为12.85%,其中房速所致的心肌病发生率明显高于阵发性室上性心动过速,发作持续时间是唯一高危因素.     

4株水果采后链格孢属真菌的rDNA ITS区序列与碳源代谢指纹图谱差异性分析

从采后贮藏过程中发病的冬枣、樱桃、杏及蓝莓果实中分离到4株丝状病原真菌231#、320#、322#和333#。由形态学特征观察可确定4株病原菌均为链格孢属真菌(Alternaria Nees),rDNA ITS区序列进化树分析结果表明樱桃320#和杏322#与A. alternata (AY625056.1)处于同一分枝,置信度达100%;而蓝莓333#与A. tenuissima (KP324980.1)处于同一分枝,冬枣231#与蓝莓333#和A. tenuissima (KP324980.1)的亲缘性很近,在同一分支上的置信度达100%。对95种碳源的代谢指纹图谱分析的结果表明,4株链格孢属真菌对吐温80、N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺、N-乙酰-β-D-甘露糖胺等86种碳源的代谢特征相同,包括78种最适碳源和8种不可利用碳源,其中冬枣231#与A. alternata (Fr.) Keissl的代谢指纹图谱最为相近。4株链格孢属真菌的ITS区序列系统进化树分类与碳源代谢聚类分析结果存在一定差异。     

食品中常见甜味剂使用方面存在的主要问题及危害

甜味剂是现代食品生产加工业不可缺少的一类重要的食品添加剂,可应用于多种食品中。尽管我国食品添加剂的安全标准和监管体系不断发展,但由于甜味剂产业发展较快,一些企业生产者盲目逐利,在生产加工过程仍然存在着不同程度违规使用甜味剂的问题,主要包括超范围和超限量使用甜味剂、滥用复合甜味剂、重复使用甜味剂、标识不符合规定、甜味剂质量不合格和用甜味剂掩盖食品的质量缺陷或以掺杂、掺假、伪造而使用等。食品生产者应合理规范生产和使用甜味剂,以免对消费者身体健康造成危害。消费者也应理性认识甜味剂,从正规渠道购买食品,合理膳食,均衡营养。     

Shear-thickening behavior of Fe-ZSM5 zeolite slurry and its removal with alumina/boehmites

A cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) technique was used to explore the shear-thickening behavior of Fe-ZSM5 zeolite pastes and to discover its underlying mechanism. Bare Fe-ZSM5 zeolite samples were found to contain agglomerations, which may break the flow of the pastes and cause shear-thickening behaviors. However, the shear-thickening behaviors can be eliminated by the addition of halloysite and various boehmites because of improved particle packing. Furthermore, compared with pure Fe-ZSM5 zeolite samples and its composite samples with halloysite, the samples with boehmite (Pural SB or Disperal) additions exhibited network structures in their cryo-SEM images; these structures could facilitate the storage and release of flow water, smooth paste flow, and avoid shear-thickening. By contrast, another boehmite (Versal 250) formed agglomerations rather than network structures after being added to the Fe-ZSM5 zeolite paste and resulted in shear-thickening behavior. Consequently, the results suggest that these network structures play key roles in eliminating the shear-thickening behavior.     

Crystallographic texture and earing behavior analysis for different second cold reductions of double-reduction tinplate

Since the production of tinplate with non-earing properties is difficult, especially when it is produced via the double-reduction process, the optimal degree of second cold reduction is particularly important for achieving desirable drawing properties. The evolution of texture and the earing propensity of double-reduction tinplate with different extents of second reduction were investigated in this study. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the changes in the microstructure at various extents of reduction. Two common testing methods, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction, were used to investigate the texture of the specimens, which revealed the effects of deformation percentage on the final texture development and the change in the grain boundary. The earing rate was determined via earing tests involving measurement of the height of any ear. The results obtained from both XRD analyses and earing tests revealed the same ideal value for the second cold reduction on the basis of the relationship between crystallographic texture and the degree of earing.     

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al<Subscript>3</Subscript>Ti/ADC12 composite modified with Sr

In this study, we investigated the effect of the addition of Sr (0wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, and 0.3wt%) on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Al₃Ti/ADC12 composite by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy diffraction spectroscopy. The results reveal that the α-Al phases were nearly spherical and 40 μm in size and that the eutectic Si phases became round in the composite when the Sr content reached 0.2wt%. The Al₃Ti particles were distributed uniformly at the grain boundary. The results of the corrosion examination reveal that the Al₃Ti/ADC12 composite exhibited a minimum corrosion rate of 0.081 g·m–2·h–1 for an Sr content of 0.2wt%, which is two thirds of that of unmodified composite (0.134 g·m–2·h–1). This improved corrosion resistance was due to galvanic corrosion, which resulted from the low area ratio of the cathode to anode regions. This caused a low-density corrosion current in the composite, thereby yielding optimum corrosion resistance.     

空气动力学仿真在摩托车造型开发中的应用

摩托车空气动力学特性对摩托车的动力性、经济性和操作稳定性有直接影响。由于国内没有摩托车专用风洞,道路滑行试验无法适用于所有车型,所以在一款新型巡航车造型开发阶段,采用空气动力学仿真方法分析实车模型的空气动力学特性,在此基础上指导多个部件优化设计,并对优化后提供的两个挡风板安装方案分别进行了整车仿真分析。仿真结果显示,优化后的两方案整车阻力系数Cd值均降低,两挡风板安装方案的空气动力学性能对比为进一步选型提供了参考依据。