Atomic structure of a fragment of human CD4 containing two immunoglobulin-like domains.

The structure of an N-terminal fragment of CD4 has been determined to 2.4 A resolution. It has two tightly abutting domains connected by a continuous beta strand. Both have the immunoglobulin fold, but domain 2 has a truncated beta barrel and a non-standard disulphide bond. The binding sites for monoclonal antibodies, class II major histocompatibility complex molecules, and human immunodeficiency virus gp120 can be mapped on the molecular surface.     

Effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on human neutrophil adherence in vitro.

We measured the effects of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on the adherence of human neutrophils by using a dacron fiber system to assay the adhesive ability of neutrophils. rhG-CSF enhanced neutrophil adherence to dacron fibers. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) induced neutrophil-neutrophil interaction (neutrophil aggregation) in addition to neutrophil-dacron interaction, whereas rhG-CSF did not cause neutrophil aggregation. These results indicated that rhG-CSF increases the adhesive ability of neutrophils without neutrophil-neutrophil interaction, and the action of rhG-CSF in neutrophil activation is different from the neutrophil activation caused by fMLP.     

对计算机辅助教学的几点认识

计算机辅助教学系统作为一种现代教学手段已走进课堂,在这一模式中,教师借助多媒体的表现力,较为有效地化解教学中的重点和难点,降低教学难度,提高学习兴趣,培养思维能力。本文就计算机多媒体在教学中的作用进行浅析。     

Comparative platelet anti-aggregant activity of D-cysteinolic acid analogues

D-Cysteinolic acid (1) analogues with an S-C-C-N skeleton showed increased platelet anti-aggregant activity in the following order: 2-aminoethanesulfonic acids, thiazolidines, 2-aminoethanethiols and 2-aminoethyl disulfides. Methyl substitutions at the 2-position potentiated the activity. Of these analogues, bis [(R)-2-aminopropyl] disulfide was the most potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, with about 600-fold the activity of (1).     

Regulated expression and binding of three VLA (beta 1) integrin receptors on T cells

Regulated adhesion of T cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is likely to be essential in T cell migration. Constitutive binding of various other cell types to ECM components is mediated by members of the VLA (very late antigen) subfamily of integrins. We describe here the regulated binding of resting CD4+ human T cells to ECM through three VLA integrins: VLA-4 and VLA-5 binding to fibronectin (FN), and a novel pathway of VLA-6 binding to laminin (LN). Binding to ECM is regulated in two ways. First, unlike other VLA-mediated interactions, VLA binding activity of the T cells is rapidly and dramatically augmented with cell activation without change in level of expression of the VLA molecules. Second, binding is regulated with T-cell differentiation; memory T cells express three- to four-fold more VLA-4, VLA-5, and VLA-6 than do naive cells, and bind more efficiently through them to FN and LN.     

东北龙胆的受精作用及其胚和胚乳的发育(Ⅱ)

东北龙胆的胚囊发育属于蓼型。珠孔受精。花粉管可通过破坏一个助细胞进入胚囊,也可在助细胞与胚囊壁之间进入胚囊。花粉管进入胚囊后释放出的两个精子分别与卵细胞及次生核融合,形成合子及初生胚乳核。受精作用属于有丝分裂前配子融合类型。胚乳发育为核型。当胚发育到4—6个细胞时,在胚囊珠孔瑞的游离核之间先形成细胞壁。细胞壁的形成是以自由壁的方式从珠孔端到合点端自外向内进行。胚的发育属于茄型。     

Identification of hemolytic granules isolated from human myocardial cells

Summary Human myocardial cells from fresh autopsy material contained granules which possessed hemolytic activity against guinea pig and rabbit erythrocytes. The hemolytic granules, which had a density of 1.02 and a diameter of 200–300 nm, were recovered as a microsome fraction from subcellular homogenates of human myocardial cells by differential centrifugation in 300 mM sucrose containing 0.1 mM PMSF and 10 mM EDTA. The membrane lesions caused by the granules were ring-like structures with an internal diameter of about 10–17 nm, analogous to that caused by perforin- and complement-induced lysis. However, the requirement for divalent cation differed from that for perforin-induced lysis, since the microsome-mediated lysis occurred in the presence of EDTA.     

Reversible cyclic AMP-dependent change in distribution of myosin thick filaments in Dictyostelium

Myosin is thought to act as a major mechanochemical transducer in non-muscle cell motility, but the in situ organization of the molecules has not yet been determined. Here we report the localization of myosin 'rods', analogous to the thick filaments of muscle, by ameliorated immunofluorescence and demonstrate the dynamic translocation of these rods in response to exogenously added cyclic AMP, which is a chemoattractant for Dictyostelium amoebae. On addition of cyclic AMP, we observed instantaneous shedding of the endoplasmic myosin followed by an increase in cortical rods, the original distribution being recovered in a few minutes. We conclude that myosin filaments mediate Dictyostelium cell movement, probably by an assembly/disassembly cycle of the molecules in response to a chemotactic stimulus.     

遗传标记测定在畜禽育种中的作用（综述）

综述了畜禽育种中尚存在的问题，列举了许多研究结果，从定义，研究内容以及十个重要研究方向，特别讨论了遗传标记的测定。它在动物育种中具有十分广泛的用途。本文还讨论了几种酶的多态性以及辅助导入。     

The ras oncogene product p21 is not a regulatory component of adenylate cyclase

Harvey (Ha-MSV) and Kirsten (Ki-MSV) murine sarcoma viruses induce tumours in animals and transform various cells in culture because of the expression of the ras oncogene product, p21 (ref. 1). Proto-oncogenes homologous with these genes are highly conserved evolutionarily and activated ras oncogenes have been detected in many human cancers. Whether c-ras oncogenes are directly responsible for human carcinogenesis is uncertain; however, it is clear that p21 mediates virus-induced transformation, although by an unknown mechanism. Epithelial and fibroblast cell lines transformed with Ha-MSV and Ki-MSV express p21 (ref. 8) and exhibit reduced adenylate cyclase activity. Like the guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins, Ns and Ni, which mediate stimulation and inhibition, respectively, of adenylate cyclase, p21 is a membrane-associated GTP binding protein, which exhibits GTPase activity. These similarities suggest that p21 and the adenylate cyclase regulatory proteins are related in cellular function, and that p21 depresses adenylate cyclase by inhibiting the activity of Ns or acting as Ni. We have therefore now examined the structural and functional similarities between p21 and Ns and Ni and find no evidence that p21 regulates adenylate cyclase activity by acting as one of these regulatory proteins.