Occurrence of thiaminase II inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Summary It was found that cell-free extracts ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae contain thiaminase II which hydrolyzes thiamine and thiamine analogs. The possible involvement of this enzyme and thiamine-synthesizing enzymes in thiamine production from thiamine antagonists is discussed.30 September 1986Acknowledgments. We thank the late Dr S. Yurugi, Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries, Osaka, for his generous gifts of dimethialium, 2-northiamine, -hydroxyethylthiamine, hydroxymethylpyrimidine, 2-norhydroxymethylpyrimidine and hydroxyethylthiazole. We also thank Prof. H. Nakayama, Yamaguchi Women's College, for his kind supply ofEscherichia coli 70–17 and 26–43.     

Regulation of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum by cyclic diguanylic acid

Cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon resource on earth and is an indispensable raw material for the wood, paper, and textile industries. A model system to study the mechanism of cellulose biogenesis is the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum which produces pure cellulose as an extracellular product. It was from this organism that in vitro preparations which possessed high levels of cellulose synthase activity were first obtained in both membranous and soluble forms. We recently demonstrated that this activity is subject to a complex multi-component regulatory system, in which the synthase is directly affected by an unusual cyclic nucleotide activator enzymatically formed from GTP, and indirectly by a Ca (2+) -sensitive phosphodiesterase which degrades the activator. The cellulose synthase activator (CSA) has now been identified as bis-(3' 5')-cyclic diguanylic acid (5'G3'p5'G3'p) on the basis of mass spectroscopic data, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and comparison with chemically synthesized material. We also report here on intermediary steps in the synthesis and degradation of this novel circular dinucleotide, which have been integrated into a model for the regulation of cellulose synthesis.     

盾构隧道围岩与衬砌协同作用纵向位移计算法

盾构机掘进过程中,千斤顶顶进力的不均匀引起的纵向位移是管片间初始错台的主要原因之一;基于Timoshenko梁理论的隧道纵向位移计算方法,未能考虑隧道开挖后围岩卸载破坏的变形特征及围岩与衬砌结构的协同作用效应,预测误差较大。建立了考虑围岩卸载扩容效应的等效地基抗力系数计算方法,提出了能考虑螺栓个数的等效抗剪刚度计算公式,建立一种基于Timoshenko梁理论的改进管片拼装式隧道纵向位移理论计算方法。实际工程案例分析表明：考虑围岩开挖卸载过程中围岩的非线性体积相关塑性变形（即扩容效应）更合理;考虑壁后注浆液固化过程的时效性,采用改进的滑移边界条件计算的纵向位移最大值是传统的固定端边界的计算值的2.3倍,边界条件对计算结果影响较大,本文计算方法更符合实际情况,也更安全。     

基于梯度加权类激活热力图的卷积神经网络故障诊断模型鲁棒性分析

深度学习近年来在故障诊断领域受到广泛应用,但基于深度学习的故障诊断模型缺乏工程上的物理解释性,难以保证其故障诊断结果的稳定性。以轴承为例,建立了以小波时频图像为故障诊断依据的卷积神经网络模型(convolutional neural network, CNN),提出了一种基于梯度加权类激活热力图(gradient-weighted class activation map, Grad-CAM)的网络模型鲁棒性分析方法,并利用美国凯斯西储大学(Case Western Reserve University, CWRU)轴承数据集进行验证。首先,将故障直径轴承数据以不同方式混合并训练大、小多个模型。其次,利用Grad-CAM方法,建立时频区域与故障模式之间的联系。最后,利用其他工况下的轴承故障数据,以及含噪数据进行测试,并根据结果结合模型最注重的时频区域进行分析。结果表明,基于深度学习的轴承故障诊断模型在参数较少时更加注重低频区域,并能使其具有更好的鲁棒性。     

江西樟树四特酒香味成分的GC／MS分析

通过对四特酒进行化学处理、分类收集组分,采用GC/MS联用技术对各组分进行分离与定性定量测定,分离出130多个色谱峰,鉴定出65个化合物.     

Gigantecin: A novel antimitotic and cytotoxic acetogenin,with nonadjacent tetrahydrofuran rings,fromGoniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae)

Summary Gigantecin (I), a novel tetrahydroxy-di-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid -lactone (acetogenin), was isolated from an ethanolic extract of the stem bark ofGoniothalamus giganteus Hook. f., Thomas (Annonaceae), by means of activity-directed fractionation (brine shrimp lethality test). This new compound is extremely cytotoxic to human tumor cells, inhibits crown gall tumors on potato discs, and is active in an assay designed to detect antimitotic agents (9 ASK).     

Metabolism of 3β-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in hamsters

Summary Metabolism of 26-hydroxycholesterol to 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid and other C24-bile acids has been expected to occur by way of 3-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in studies in vitro. 3-Hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid was infused intravenously into bile fistula hamsters and the following C24-bile acids were identified: 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid, lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and a small amount of cholic acid.     

Cholecystokinin is not a major regulator in the digestive system in the chicken

To find out whether physiological concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK), a gastrointestinal hormone in mammals, are also active in chickens, the pancreatic amylase secretory response to CCK-8 was investigated in vitro. Rat pancreatic acini responded to the physiological concentration of CCK-8, but in chickens amylase release was induced at a concentration of CCK-8 1000 times higher than that observed in rats. In another experiment, biliary flow was tested with several doses of CCK-8. The bile flow was stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion, but a significant enhancement was not obtained at a concentration of 0.5 g CCK-8/kg body weight, which was considerably higher than physiological ones. It is concluded that endogeneous CCK does not have an important role in the digestive system in the chicken.