利用PCR-DGGE分析胆固醇结石中细菌群落结构

本研究运用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）方法对来自8名胆石病人的8份胆固醇结石和4份胆汁样品中细菌群落结构进行分析和比较研究。DGGE结果显示,胆固醇结石中细菌含有Enterococcus,Pseudomonas等13个属细菌,其中Pseudomonas检出率最高,Klebsiella和Bacillus两个属细菌含量较多;胆固醇结石中6个属细菌在胆汁中也检测到。不同病人之间胆固醇结石细菌群落结构高度相似,但胆汁相似度较低;胆固醇结石中细菌群落结构与胆汁细菌群落结构最高相似度仅为38%,胆汁中细菌种类虽与胆固醇结石有同源性,但细菌群落结构差异较大。因此,导致胆固醇结石形成的细菌种类有一定偏好性,不因人而异,临床上对这些细菌的控制将有利于抑制结石的生成。     

A novel GEL-OHA/HAp bone substitute

Self-crosslinked gelatin-oxidized hyaluronic acid/ hydroxyapatite (GEL-OHA/HAp) composite bone substitute was successfully prepared with a novel in situ precipitation method without using any toxic chemical cross-linkers, and its characterizations, including elemental composition, surface morphology, crystallinity, and structure of crystalline phase, were carried out. In order to evaluate its corresponding performances, comparisons with glutaraldehyde crosslinked gelatin/hydroxyapatite (GEL-Glu/ HAp) composite were made in detail. The results indicate that nano-HAp crystallites are homogeneously dispersed in both GEL-OHA/HAp and GEL-Glu/HAp composites, and the HAp crystallites in the former take larger particle size than those in the latter. Mechanical property tests show the acceptable mechanical strength at high strain of GEL-OHA/HAp composite. Study of in vitro degradation and swelling demonstrate that the two composites have similar degradation rate and water absorption capability. By in vitro cell culture, it has been found out that the cells on the GEL-OHA/HAp composite show higher proliferative potential than the cells on the GEL-Glu/HAp composite. Compared with GEL-Glu/HAp composite, GEL-OHA/HAp composite provides an excellent strategy for preparation of non-toxic bone substitute with acceptable corresponding properties.     

盐津--珙县地区五峰组--龙马溪组页岩气富集成藏条件

利用野外观察及实验数据资料,对盐津-珙县地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气形成条件进行分析,并探讨其富集成藏的主控因素.研究结果表明盐津-珙县地区五峰组-龙马溪组下部黑色页岩是深水陆棚沉积产物,该区页岩气“甜点段”五峰组—段—四段和龙马溪组一段—五段发育完整,有机碳质量分数在2.7%~6.0%之间,主要为中高-高有机碳含量,富有机质黑色页岩厚度分布在30~50 m.在高含气层位,纳米级有机质孔和黄铁矿晶间孔大量发育,平均孔隙度为2.28%~3.48%,为吸附气和游离气提供良好的储集空间.研究区内构造强度较弱,通天断层少,具有良好的顶底板条件,压力系数平均大于1.0,因而保存条件良好.分析表明,高有机碳含量、纳米级孔隙发育、高脆性矿物含量、高压力系数是盐津-珙县地区页岩气富集成藏的主控因素.     

尾状核、豆状核的三维重建可视化研究

目的探讨基于立体定向空间利用尸脑资料重建尾状核、豆状核的可行性,为临床立体定向手术靶点定位提供基础资料.方法选取1例成年男性尸脑做全脑轴位剖切,层厚为2 mm,对每一层面进行顺序拍照并保存,而后对尾状核、豆状核进行识别、分割、提取与重建.结果重建后尾状核、豆状核的空间位置及形态在标准立体定向空间中被清晰地显示出来.结论利用尸脑资料重建尾状核、豆状核,可以实现其三维可视化.     

拟线性黏弹性方程一个新的H~1-Galerkin混合有限元分析

利用不完全双二次元Q_2~-和一阶BDFM元,对拟线性黏弹性方程构造了一个新的H~1-Galerkin混合元模式。通过Bramble-Hilbert引理,证明了单元所对应的插值算子一个新的高精度结果。进一步地,在半离散和一个二阶全离散格式下,分别导出了原始变量u在H~1-模和中间变量珗p在H(div)-模意义下的超逼近性质。     

低碳低硫钢中MnS析出行为分析

本文研究铝含量、硫含量、冷却速率等对低碳低硫钢中MnS夹杂物的成分、形貌和析出量的影响,并利用Scheil凝固方程及FactSage 6.1软件对MnS析出行为进行了理论计算。结果表明,冷却速率较低(5K/min)时,钢中夹杂物为双层结构,核心氧化物为Al2O3-SiO2和Al2O3-SiO2-MnO,MnS在氧化物表面局部或包裹析出;冷却速率较高(900K/min)时,钢中夹杂物主要为Al2O3-SiO2-MnO,高铝钢样中没有MnS析出,而低铝钢样中有极少量MnS析出;MnS在夹杂物上的析出率随着冷却速率的降低、钢中铝含量的减少(硫含量随之增加)而提高;复合氧化夹杂中的MnO+SiO2对MnS的析出影响较大,MnO+SiO2含量越高,MnS越容易在氧化物上析出;在低硫(w[S]0.0050%)条件下,MnS不能在液相中单独析出,但能在夹杂物上复合析出。     

基于GCRN的矿岩可爆性分级模型及其应用

为了准确反映岩体可爆性等级,构建了由弹性波阻抗、坚固性系数、平均裂隙距和标准爆破漏斗炸药单耗4个因素组成的评价体系,采用改进的灰色关联分析法对传统的岩体可爆性等级划分标准进行优化。利用灰色关联相对贴近度(GCRN)来反映各可爆性等级之间的差别,确定各可爆性等级对应的灰色关联相对贴近度区间,以此划分新的岩体可爆性等级。采用基于GCRN的矿岩可爆性分级模型对武钢资源集团公司程潮矿业有限公司东、西区矿体的可爆性级别进行评价,评价结果与实际情况基本一致,表明利用灰色关联相对贴近度来划分矿岩可爆性等级的方法是可行的。     

Preparation of ultrafine silica from potash feldspar using sodium carbonate roasting technology

A novel process was developed for the preparation of ultrafine silica from potash feldspar. In the first step, potash feldspar was roasted with Na₂CO₃ and was followed by leaching using NaOH solution to increase the levels of potassium, sodium, and aluminum in the solid residue. The leaching solution was then carbonated to yield ultrafine silica. The optimized reaction conditions in the roasting process were as follows: an Na₂CO₃-to-potash feldspar molar ratio of 1.1, a reaction temperature of 875°C, and a reaction time of 1.5 h. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of SiO₂ was 98.13%. The optimized carbonation conditions included a final solution pH value of 9.0, a temperature of 40°C, a CO₂ flow rate of 6 mL/min, a stirring intensity of 600 r/min, and an ethanol-to-water volume ratio of 1:9. The precipitation rate and granularity of the SiO₂ particles were 99.63% and 200 nm, respectively. We confirmed the quality of the obtained ultrafine silica by comparing the recorded indexes with those specified in Chinese National Standard GB 25576―2010.     

由储层矿物在碱性驱替剂中的化学行为到砂岩储层次生孔隙的形成

本文在对储层矿物、岩石在碱性驱替剂中的化学行为系统研究进行概括的基础上提出了碱性成岩环境有助于砂岩储层次生孔隙发育这一全新的观点,并提出了单旋回成岩环境体系中的“酸-碱链式反应”模型。最后通过岩石矿物组成分析和文献调查证实了碱性成岩环境确实存在。显然,这种观点的应用会对油田油气勘探产生积极的影响。     

鄂中地区下三叠统碳酸盐岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化

鄂中沉湖—土地堂地区早三叠世以局限—半局限台地环境为主,有过短暂的台内浅滩环境,东部曾发展为蒸发台地环境.下三叠统主要有微晶灰岩、微晶白云岩,夹少量亮晶鲕粒灰岩,局部硬石膏岩. 经历了海底环境的白云化,胶结、硬石膏化,大气环境的溶蚀,埋藏环境的胶结、溶蚀、白云化、表生环境的溶性等成岩作用过程.大气及浅埋藏环境产生的孔、缝隙多为后来的方解石等充填,对储层贡献甚微. 深理藏环境的扩溶孔的形成及后期构造缝的产生与油气演化大致配套,具有一定的意义,表生环境的溶蚀,保存较好,对储层有较大贡献. 区内下三叠统主要发育裂缝型及裂缝孔洞型两类储层,前者孔隙度低,仅为2%~3%,后者孔隙度可达26%左右,至今仍受大气淡水影响,保存条件差,不利于成截.