Comparative physical mapping of rice BAC clones linked to resistance genes Glh,Bph-3 and xa-5 in Oryza sativa L. and O. granulata Nees et Arn. ex Watt.

Oryza granulata Nees et Arn. ex Watt. is one of the three wild relatives of rice,which are the most valuable for study and utilization in China.In this study,the homology and physical locations of three rice resistance genes,Glh,Bph-3 and xa-5 are comparatively analyzed between O.sativa and O. granulata by Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).The results of Southern blotting indicate that there exist homologous sequences of the tested RFLP markers in O. granulata.By using three bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones scanned by the tested RFLP as probes, FISH signals are detected on both mitotic and pachytene chromosomes in O.sativa and O.granulata.Dual-color FISH demonstrates that two of the three BAC clones (14E16 and 38J9) are located on the short arm of the same chromosome pair in O. granulata. Additionally, colinearity is shown for the two clones between O.sativa and O.granulata. Another BAC clone 44B4 is located on the end of the short arm of other chromosome pair in these two species.Although the phylogenetic relationship between O.sativa and O.granulata is the most distinct in Oryza and these two species have evidently different biological features and ecological habits, the relative lengths and arm ratios of the detected chromosomes and the relative positions of the tested clone signals on chromosomes in O. granulata are quite similar to those in O. sativa.     

Approaches to prediction of impact of Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction on alpine ecosystems alongside and its recovery

With the aid of the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the ecosystem pattern and fragility distribution maps of the 50-km-wide zone along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were compiled and by using the superimposition method, range, area and indexes of the impact of various engineering activities on the ecosystems alongside the railway were studied. By making reference to the ecosystem recovery process of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, mechanisms of recovery of the alpine ecosystems alongside the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were studied and extents and rates of the recovery were predicted.The results indicate that the impact of the railway engineering on the Alpine ecosystem depends mainly on how much the original surface soil in the zone has been disturbed and how fragile of the ecosystem per se. Restoration of vegetation coverage and species abundance shows a significantly reverse relationship with disturbance of the original surface soil but an extremely positive one with the length of the restoration period and mean annual precipitation and annual mean relative humidity in the period and no obvious bearings with altitude and temperature. In sections with an annual precipitation over 200mm, as long as a certain percentage of original soil is left in situ, it takes only 30 years or so for biodiversity to get basically restored to the original level after the construction is completed but at least 45-60 years or more for vegetation coverage.     

完美的对称伟大的突破--纪念爱因斯坦逝世五十周年

一代科学巨匠爱因斯坦,又是一位杰出的思想家,他的思想方法是耐人寻味的.他所创立的相对论,以其前提的简单、结构的新颖、体系的严谨、结论的正确,堪称现代物理理论之魁首.众所周知,相对论突破了经典力学的机械论囿限,否定了传统的绝对时空观念,披露了物质、运动、引力、时空的内在联系.相对论的建立,无疑是一个伟大的突破、一项卓越的创新.那么,爱因斯坦是如何突破和创新的呢?从方法论的角度,我们可从中吸取些怎么样的教益呢?     

函数极限与积分可交换的一个充分条件

研究了函数极限与积分可交换的问题，利用了平均一致收敛的定义，给出了一个比一致（R）可积性弱的充分条件。     

Hypoosmotic shock induces a stateⅠtransition of photosynthetic apparatus in Dunaliella salina

The effects of hypoosmotic shock on state transition in darkness in Dunaliella salina were studied. When the concentration of NaCI in culture medium was dropped from 1.5 to 0.5 mol/L abruptly, the photosynthetic rate of D.salina declined, but the respiratory rate and intracellular ATP content increased in the dark. The FpsⅡ/FpsⅠ ratio at 77 K of D. salina cells exposed to hypoosmotic shock was higher than that of control cells, indicating that more excitation energy was distributed to PS Ⅱ in stressed D.salina cells upon illumination. A decrease in LHC Ⅱ phosphorylation level was also observed when D.salina was exposed to hypoosmotic shock. Thus a state Ⅰ transition of photosynthetic apparatus occurs when D.salina suffers hypoosmotic shock in darkness, which is supposed to be related to an enhancement of respiration and an increase in ATP content in stressed D.salina cells.     

Generation of Linear and Parabolic Concentration Gradients by Using a Christmas Tree-Shaped Microfluidic Network

This paper describes a simple method of generating concentration gradients with linear and parabolic profiles by using a Christmas tree-shaped microfluidic network.The microfluidic gradient generator consists of two parts:a Christmas tree-shaped network for gradient generation and a broad microchannel for detection.A two-dimensional model was built to analyze the flow field and the mass transfer in the microfluidic network.The simulating results show that a series of linear and parabolic gradient profiles were generated via adjusting relative flow rate ratios of the two source solutions(R_L~2≥0.995 and _PR~2≥0.999),which could match well with the experimental results(R_L~2≥0.987 and _PR~2≥0.996).The proposed method is promising for the generation of linear and parabolic concentration gradient profiles,with the potential in chemical and biological applications such as combinatorial chemistry synthesis,stem cell differentiation or cytotoxicity assays.     

经济全球化与中国法制建设发展的新趋势

经济全球化对世界各国所产生的深远影响已经是不争的事实,但是与此同时区域经济一体化也正显现着其迅猛的势头,各国法律制度都面临着巨大的挑战。面对经济全球化的新形势,法律工作者应具有全球意识、树立世界眼光、正确把握法律的趋同化与国别化的关系,积极推动我国的法制建设,为我国经济的可持续发展提供法律支撑。     

地理信息系统发展动态及在水资源管理方面的应用

地理信息系统（ＧｅｏｇｒａｐｆｏｉｃＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ，ＧＩＳ）具有高效的空间数据管理和灵活的空间数据综合分析能力，在国外得到了广泛应用，国内也正在研究和应用。本文在搜集和阅读大量国内外文献的基础上，综述了ＧＩＳ的发展动态及趋势，着重介绍了国内外ＧＩＳ在水资源管理方面的应用概况，并对ＧＩＳ在水资源管理中的应用作了展望。     

东北某污水处理厂各流程出水中污染物时空分布特征

为研究污水处理厂对有机污染物的去除效能,对我国北方某市的污水处理厂进行了1年的调查分析,考察了其各工艺出水中有机污染物的时空分布特征.结果表明:该污水处理厂采用A/O处理工艺处理后,除冬季出水氮磷略高,全年其它时间出水基本满足国家污水一级排放标准.采用气相色谱-质谱联用对有机物的检测分析结果表明,经过二级生物处理后,有机污染物种类有所减少,但仍含有较大量有机污染物,需采取有效的深度处理措施以减少中水排放对受纳水体的影响并保障水源水质的安全性.     

地壳板块的运动及其驱动力

分析了热力和离极力对地壳板块的作用.通过引入质心的概念,对两亿年以来板块的运动及其未来趋势进行了讨论,特别是对南极洲和印度板块的过去和未来,有较为新颖的认识.