连铸小方坯的组织与性能研究

The hot cracking of the continuous casting bullit is connected with its macrostructure and mechanical property burnt. The macrostructure and the mechanical property of 0. 13 wt- %C continuous casting bullit was investigated. The results are as follows: 1) the classical representation of the casting bullit shows three distinct zones, a peripherial region of small equiaxed grains, a columnar zone, and a central equiaxed zone. The rapid increase of the under cooling layer thickness is the criterion of the transformation from the columnar zone to central equiaxed zone; 2) The hardness decreases with the reducing of the solidification speed; 3) The tensile strength decreases gradually from the peripherial equiaxed maximum principal strain zone to central equiaxed zone ,and increases with the drop of the temperature.     

二硅烯及其相关分子的量子化学计算研究

使用密度泛函法、MP2法和考虑组态相关作用的QCISD和CCD法,对重主族双键化合物二硅烯、二锗烯等进行了优化构型的量子化学计算.计算结果表明,H2X=XH2(X=Si,Ge,Sn,Pb)型分子均为非平面反式弯曲几何构型,亚甲基XH2的基态为单线态.利用计算的"单线态-三线态"能量差ΔEST和双键键能Eσ π分析并解释了非平面反式弯曲几何构型的形成条件和标题物中双键的相对强度.     

试就猝死病例谈中老年教职工保健工作

本文报告5例心性猝死(3例为冠心病性猝死),年龄为39—69岁。认为冠心病是中老年教职工猝死的主要原因,因而提出学校对他们的保健重点应放在防治冠心病上。     

行星古今谈--太阳系有多少颗行星?

本文从行星名称的传统含义,全面评述和回顾了历史上对X行星的搜索、小行星的发现和地位的变迁、海外天体的发现,以及对冥王星的行星资格的质疑,表明行星的名称是人类文明的遗产,第十行星的命名是一个综合历史和文化的科学问题.     

基因组研究引发的伦理思考

人类基因组(human genome)是人类遗传物质的总和,人的全部基因(约3～4万个)就载于总长32亿个碱基对的DNA分子上.人类基因组计划(HGP)旨在测定人类基因组全序列,并在此基础上解释和阐明人类遗传物质的结构和功能.人的生理过程和完整的疾病基因谱已经成为分子水平研究的目标.作为分子医学(molecular medicine)基础的人类基因组研究,必将极大地提高疾病诊断、治疗和预防的水准,服务于提高生存质量和造福民众的崇高理想.     

中国南海海绵化学成份研究Ⅱ—B·C

从中国南海西沙群岛永胜岛附近海域采集到的一种海绵(种属未定)分离到两种新的三羟基长链酰胺类化合物S—Ⅱ(C_(49)H_(99)NO_4,M=765,m.p.138-140℃)和S—Ⅲ(C_(45)H_(93)NO_4,M=723,m.p.92—93℃),通过对它们的IR,MS,~1HNMR,~(13)CNMR及~(13)CNMR DEPT等波谱数据分析,S—Ⅱ和S—Ⅲ的结构分别确定为N-(1-乙基-3,22-二羟基)二十二烷基-2-甲基-4-羟基二十四脂肪酸酰胺和N-(1-羟甲基-2-乙基-4-甲基-3,18-二羟基)十九烷基—二十三脂肪酸酰胺。     

新型锆质不定形耐火材料的研制

以废旧电熔锆刚玉为主要原料,采用合理的粒度级配,应用复合结合剂和外加剂以凝聚结合的方式研制成功具有高荷重软化温度、高强度、低气孔率、低烧结线变化的新型锆质不定形耐火材料。图4,表4,参3。     

计算学科中的实验体系

本文讨论了计算学科中的实验体系,阐述了建立实验体系的框架,进入实验规划和实施方案和内容,讨论了实验改革和创新的思路,以及建立软件实验、虚拟实验的探索和建立移动实验室的构想。     

Ruin Probability with Variable Premium Rate and Disturbed by Diffusion in a Markovian Environment

We consider a risk model with a premium rate which varies with the level of free reserves. In this model, the occurrence of claims is described by a Cox process with Markov intensity process, and the influence of stochastic factors is considered by adding a diffusion process. The integro-differential equation for the ruin probability is derived by a infinitesimal method.     

Newton's Easy Quadratures ``Omitted for the Sake of Brevity'

In the 1687 Principia, Newton gave a solution to the direct problem (given the orbit and center of force, find the central force) for a conic-section with a focal center of force (answer: a reciprocal square force) and for a spiral orbit with a polar center of force (answer: a reciprocal cube force). He did not, however, give solutions for the two corresponding inverse problems (given the force and center of force, find the orbit). He gave a cryptic solution to the inverse problem of a reciprocal cube force, but offered no solution for the reciprocal square force. Some take this omission as an indication that Newton could not solve the reciprocal square, for, they ask, why else would he not select this important problem? Others claim that ``it is child's play' for him, as evidenced by his 1671 catalogue of quadratures (tables of integrals). The answer to that question is obscured for all who attempt to work through Newton's published solution of the reciprocal cube force because it is done in the synthetic geometric style of the 1687 Principia rather than in the analytic algebraic style that Newton employed until 1671. In response to a request from David Gregory in 1694, however, Newton produced an analytic version of the body of the proof, but one which still had a geometric conclusion. Newton's charge is to find both ``the orbit' and ``the time in orbit.' In the determination of the dependence of the time on orbital position, t(r), Newton evaluated an integral of the form ∫dx/x <sup>n</sup> to calculate a finite algebraic equation for the area swept out as a function of the radius, but he did not write out the analytic expression for time t = t(r), even though he knew that the time t is proportional to that area. In the determination of the orbit, θ (r), Newton obtained an integral of the form ∫dx/√(1−x<sup>2</sup>) for the area that is proportional to the angle θ, an integral he had shown in his 1669 On Analysis by Infinite Equations to be equal to the arcsin(x). Since the solution must therefore contain a transcendental function, he knew that a finite algebraic solution for θ=θ(r) did not exist for ``the orbit' as it had for ``the time in orbit.' In contrast to these two solutions for the inverse cube force, however, it is not possible in the inverse square solution to generate a finite algebraic expression for either ``the orbit' or ``the time in orbit.' In fact, in Lemma 28, Newton offers a demonstration that the area of an ellipse cannot be given by a finite equation. I claim that the limitation of Lemma 28 forces Newton to reject the inverse square force as an example and to choose instead the reciprocal cube force as his example in Proposition 41. (Received August 14, 2002) Published online March 26, 2003 Communicated by G. Smith