油气田现场腐蚀检测装置设计与应用

 针对储层流体中高含CO₂和H₂S 腐蚀性气体的油气田,为了优化防腐选材,使用现场腐蚀检测装置开展实验。指出了现有腐蚀检测装置存在的不足,分析了以辅助评价材质现场腐蚀为目的腐蚀检测装置应具备的结构特点,并设计加工了油气田现场腐蚀检测装置。在设计阶段对现场腐蚀检测装置进行了强度校核,设计了聚四氟乙烯材质的腐蚀挂片悬挂件及与之匹配的梯形横截面腐蚀挂片;在加工完成后进行了试压,确保能够满足现场的最高工作压力。针对该现场腐蚀检测装置提出了具体的应用方法。在米桑油田选择有代表性的生产井,在井口缓释剂投注点之前安装该腐蚀检测装置,进行现场腐蚀实验。设备能够满足现场要求,在规定的时间内完成了预定数量和不同材质的测试,实验结果表明,在含有0.2 MPa CO₂储层中,油套管应选用马氏体不锈钢13Cr 不锈钢材质,在含有1.3 MPa CO₂及0.8 MPa H₂S 的储层中,超级13Cr 不锈钢未发现局部腐蚀且腐蚀速率极低。     

在摆动相中用于下肢外骨骼跟踪人体踝关节轨迹的方法

为实现外骨骼摆动腿踝关节对人体踝关节运动轨迹的跟踪,建立了外骨骼摆动腿逆运动学模型与卡尔曼滤波预测模型,并在外骨骼摆动腿踝关节处设置人机位姿误差传感器,同时进行了人体步态实验.仿真中以实验测取的人体踝关节相对于其髋关节的运动轨迹作为外骨骼踝关节的跟踪对象,并依此计算外骨骼踝关节处人机位姿误差.采用卡尔曼滤波器对外骨骼摆动腿的髋、膝关节位置进行预测,再利用外骨骼逆运动学模型对预测结果进行校正.结果表明:该方法能良好地实现外骨骼摆动腿踝关节对人体踝关节的运动轨迹跟踪,并且卡尔曼滤波预测能明显改善跟踪的滞后性,同时仅需检测外骨骼踝关节处的人机位姿误差也有助于简化人机之间的传感器布置.     

光合细菌固定化及其对铜绿微囊藻的抑制

为探讨光合细菌固定化后对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用,比较了光合细菌的5种不同固定化方法及其特性,确定了最佳的固定化方法;在实验室条件下进行菌藻共同培养,通过试验研究了固定化后的光合细菌与游离光合细菌对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响差异并确定了固定化光合细菌的最佳投加量。结果表明：采用沸石、碳酸钙和海藻酸钠混合包埋光合细菌的固定化方法最佳;固定化光合细菌对铜绿微囊藻抑制作用显著,为83.55%,而相同量的游离光合细菌的抑制作用只有26.81%;最佳固定化光合细菌投加量为36 g / L。     

Factors affecting the voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor imaging

Diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） provides a unique method to reveal the integrity of white matter microstructure noninvasively. Voxel-based analysis （VBA）, which is a highly reproducible and user-independent tech- nique, has been used to analyze DTI data in a number of studies. Fractional anisotropy （FA）, which is derived from DTI, is the most frequently used parameter. The parameter setting during the DTI data preprocessing might affect the FA analysis results. However, there is no reliable evidence on how the parameters affect the results of FA analysis. This study sought to quantitatively investigate the factors that might affect the voxel-based analysis of FA; these include the interpolation during spatial normalization, smoothing kernel and statistical threshold. Because it is difficult to obtain the true information of the lesion in the patients, we simulated lesions on the healthy FA maps. The DTI data were obtained from 20 healthy subjects. The FA maps were calculated using DTIStudio. We randomly divided these FA maps into two groups. One was used as a model patient group, and the other was used as a normal control group. Simulated lesions were added to the model patient group by decreasing the FA intensities in a specified region by 5 %- 50 %. The model patient group and the normal control groupwere compared by two-sample t test statistic analysis voxel- by-voxel to detect the simulated lesions. We evaluated these factors by comparing the difference between the detected lesion through VBA and the simulated lesion. The result showed that the space normalization of FA image should use the trilinear interpolation, and the smoothing kernel should be 2-3 times the voxel size of spatially normalized FA image. For lesions with small intensity change, FWE correction must be cautiously used. This study provided an important reference to the analysis of FA with VBA method.     

Force modeling for needle insertion into soft tissue based on mechanical properties and geometric parameters

The force model during needle insertion into soft tissue is important for accurate percutaneous intervention.In this paper,a force model for needle insertion into a tissue-equivalent material is presented and a series of experiments are conducted to acquire data from needle soft-tissue interaction process.In order to build a more accurate insertion force model,the interaction force between a surgical needle and soft tissue is divided into three parts：stiffness force,friction force,and cutting force.The stiffness force is modeled on the basis of contact mechanics model.The friction force model is presented using a modified Winkler＇s foundation model.The cutting force is viewed as a constant depending on a given tissue.The proposed models in the paper are established on the basis of the mechanical properties and geometric parameters of the needle and soft tissue.The experimental results illustrate that the force models are capable of predicting the needle-tissue interaction force.The force models of needle insertion can provide real-time haptic feedback for robot-assisted procedures,thereby improving the accuracy and safety of surgery.     

微纳米卟啉金属有机络合物的合成

我们通过一种简单的绿色合成方法,得到微纳米尺度的金属卟啉配合物,并通过选择不同的金属离子,实现了对金属卟啉配合物的可控组装,得到了从零位、一维和二维的金属卟啉配合物.并借助扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射谱(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对其结构进行了表征,详细考察了其影响纳米结构的影响因素和动力学生长过程.     

基于GIS通视分析的长岛海域溢油陆岸监测系统选址——以大黑山为例

【目的】渤海海峡长岛海域常年受到溢油污染,严重损害水产养殖、旅游产业以及生态环境等,建设近岸实时溢油监测系统非常必要。【方法】以长岛海域大黑山为例,基于2011—2013年溢油SAR卫星遥感监测结果,确定溢油污染区,利用GIS通视分析技术,并综合考虑交通、土地、电力、通信等因素,开展溢油陆岸监测系统选址工作。【结果】建议把站位1适当北移作为监测系统建设站位,同时把站位3作为备用站位。【结论】选择的站位可为长岛开展溢油陆岸监测系统建设选址提供参考。     

基于WSR方法论的农村群众体育公共服务能力影响因素与评价模型——以重庆市为例

基于WSR方法论的视角,运用文献资料法、特尔菲法、层次分析法、模糊综合评判等方法,对重庆市农村群众体育公共服务能力进行了研究,结果显示:在物理、事理、人理等层面,影响重庆市农村群众体育公共服务能力的因素是多方面的,且相互联系、相互影响;通过创建评价模型,得到评价指标T=83.197 9,表明重庆市农村群众体育公共服务能力虽然发展现状良好,但仍需进一步完善升级.     

改进灰色神经网络的作动系统功率预测

为提高飞机上作动系统的功率预测精度,建立了改进的多变量灰色神经网络预测模型。考虑了对系统功率需求有较大影响的相关因素,采用主成分分析法提取综合变量作为输入,在提升准确性的基础上有效减少了输入维数;在利用递增方式对初始值进行选择的过程中,引入粒子群优化算法快速求解最优初始值和背景值,模型预测的平均误差由13.35%降为7.53%;考虑到序列波动对预测精度的影响,采用BP神经网络对预测值进行误差修正,进一步将模型的平均预测误差降为4.07%。仿真实验表明,含主成分分析的改进灰色神经网络对飞机作动系统的功率有较高的预测精度,有利于飞机的电能调度。     

基于Petri网和定制技术的油田档案管理系统设计

针对油田数字化档案馆中的系统模块化程度低及灵活性差等问题, 提出基于 Petri 网和组件技术的功能定制开发方法。 采用面向对象着色 Petri 网实现档案管理的层次化建模, 并添加复位弧优化档案调用流程。利用关联矩阵和可达图及相关理论, 对模型进行合理性分析。 通过模型提取组件, 建立组件信息库。 利用信息库结合用户定制的业务逻辑, 实现系统对组件的有序调用, 完成业务定制功能。 应用结果表明, 该系统定制灵活、 适应性强、 档案调用速度快, 满足实际需要。