以MDR1基因启动子为靶点的药物筛选模型的建立

通过构建以MDR1启动子为启动序列的荧光素酶报告基因载体,建立基于双荧光素酶报告基因系统的多药耐药抑制剂筛选模型。从HCT-8细胞中提取DNA并克隆含有MDR1基因启动子的序列。将该序列重组到荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL-3-Basic的启动区域中,从而构建报告基因载体pGL-MDR1。将pGL-MDR1和pRL-TK载体共转染到HCT-8和HCT-8/VCR细胞中,建立用于筛选多药耐药抑制剂的方法。通过调节不同载体的比例来优化转染效率。通过MDR1基因激活剂（热诱导）和抑制剂（EGCG）来验证该方法。通过直接测序法验证了pGL-MDR1含有MDR1基因启动子序列且没有出现碱基突变。在n（pGL-MDR1）∶n（pRL-TK）=5∶5时,转染效率最高并具有最高的荧光素酶活性。通过MDR1基因激活处理后表现为时间依赖性地激活MDR1基因的表达,而MDR1基因抑制剂的作用则相反。     

Tracking apex marine predator movements in a dynamic ocean

Pelagic marine predators face unprecedented challenges and uncertain futures. Overexploitation and climate variability impact the abundance and distribution of top predators in ocean ecosystems. Improved understanding of ecological patterns, evolutionary constraints and ecosystem function is critical for preventing extinctions, loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystem services. Recent advances in electronic tagging techniques have provided the capacity to observe the movements and long-distance migrations of animals in relation to ocean processes across a range of ecological scales. Tagging of Pacific Predators, a field programme of the Census of Marine Life, deployed 4,306 tags on 23 species in the North Pacific Ocean, resulting in a tracking data set of unprecedented scale and species diversity that covers 265,386 tracking days from 2000 to 2009. Here we report migration pathways, link ocean features to multispecies hotspots and illustrate niche partitioning within and among congener guilds. Our results indicate that the California Current large marine ecosystem and the North Pacific transition zone attract and retain a diverse assemblage of marine vertebrates. Within the California Current large marine ecosystem, several predator guilds seasonally undertake north-south migrations that may be driven by oceanic processes, species-specific thermal tolerances and shifts in prey distributions. We identify critical habitats across multinational boundaries and show that top predators exploit their environment in predictable ways, providing the foundation for spatial management of large marine ecosystems.     

中国农作物秸秆资源量及其“五料化”利用现状

 农作物秸秆是十分宝贵的生物资源,资源丰富,秸秆"用则利,弃则害"。秸秆的高效综合利用能有效解决秸秆利用率低、转化率低、经济效益低、环境污染严重这"三低一重"的问题,对中国现代农业的可持续发展起重要的作用。本文分析了中国农作物秸秆资源数量及分布,介绍了秸秆资源综合利用技术的最新进展,包括肥料化、燃料化、饲料化、原料化和基料化（"五料化"）这些重点领域的应用。集约、循环、高效、充分利用秸秆资源是保护生态环境、节约可再生资源的需要,也是促进中国农业和农村社会经济实现可持续发展的必然要求。     

企业参考资源模型的建立

提出参考资源模型结构,并给出其构造方法,研究其在建模导出过程中的支持作用.企业参考资源模型是一个资源的参考目录,在建立特定企业资源模型时,可以直接从参考资源模型中选取所需资源.参考资源模型的建立支持资源重组,缩短建模时间,从而加速建模的进程.     

XPDL与关系数据库之间的映射

XPDL( XML Process Definition Language)是工作流管理联盟(WFMC)制定的工作流模型标准,而关系数据库是当前很多工作流厂商存放工作流数据的首选方法.讨论了XPDL与关系数据库(RDB)之间的映射原理及映射方法,并由此建立了映射文件,从而方便了XPDL与RDB之间的双向数据转换.     

产甘油重组大肠杆菌的构建及其耐高渗透压性能的测定

克隆了酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 中的3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶和3-磷酸甘油酯酶基因,通过融合PCR构建了双基因共表达载体,将酵母细胞内应答渗透压变化的甘油合成途径引入大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）。以葡萄糖为底物对重组大肠杆菌进行摇瓶发酵培养,该重组菌的甘油产量为1g/L。渗透压胁迫测试证明该重组菌的耐渗透压性能较出发菌株有明显提高。     

Oncogenically active MYD88 mutations in human lymphoma

The activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains the least curable form of this malignancy despite recent advances in therapy. Constitutive nuclear factor (NF)-κB and JAK kinase signalling promotes malignant cell survival in these lymphomas, but the genetic basis for this signalling is incompletely understood. Here we describe the dependence of ABC DLBCLs on MYD88, an adaptor protein that mediates toll and interleukin (IL)-1 receptor signalling, and the discovery of highly recurrent oncogenic mutations affecting MYD88 in ABC DLBCL tumours. RNA interference screening revealed that MYD88 and the associated kinases IRAK1 and IRAK4 are essential for ABC DLBCL survival. High-throughput RNA resequencing uncovered MYD88 mutations in ABC DLBCL lines. Notably, 29% of ABC DLBCL tumours harboured the same amino acid substitution, L265P, in the MYD88 Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain at an evolutionarily invariant residue in its hydrophobic core. This mutation was rare or absent in other DLBCL subtypes and Burkitt's lymphoma, but was observed in 9% of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. At a lower frequency, additional mutations were observed in the MYD88 TIR domain, occurring in both the ABC and germinal centre B-cell-like (GCB) DLBCL subtypes. Survival of ABC DLBCL cells bearing the L265P mutation was sustained by the mutant but not the wild-type MYD88 isoform, demonstrating that L265P is a gain-of-function driver mutation. The L265P mutant promoted cell survival by spontaneously assembling a protein complex containing IRAK1 and IRAK4, leading to IRAK4 kinase activity, IRAK1 phosphorylation, NF-κB signalling, JAK kinase activation of STAT3, and secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and interferon-β. Hence, the MYD88 signalling pathway is integral to the pathogenesis of ABC DLBCL, supporting the development of inhibitors of IRAK4 kinase and other components of this pathway for the treatment of tumours bearing oncogenic MYD88 mutations.     

试论汉语语素的类型及其相关概念

科学研究离不开分类 ,本文通过对汉语中最基本的语法单位语素的分类研究 ,不仅准确地定义了汉语虚词 ,而且理清了汉语语法研究中长期混淆不清的两个概念———汉语虚语与附加成分的界限     

(E)-3-tridecen-2-one,an antibiotic from the interdigital glands of black-tailed deerOdocoileus hemionus columbianus

(E)-3-tridecen-2-one, the major volatile component of interdigital gland extracts from the black-tailed deer,Odocoileus hemionus columbianus, inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The bacteria,Propionibacterium acnes, and the fungi,Trichophyton mentagrophytes had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 g/mL and 25 g/mL, respectively.