Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the binding of Merocyanine 540 to human erythrocytes

The fluorescent dye Merocyanine 540 (MC540) is often used as a probe to monitor the molecular packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of biomembranes. In a previous study we showed that the increased staining of erythrocytes with a perturbed membrane structure was mainly due to an increase in the fluorescence yield of cell-bound MC540, rather than to an increase of the number of bound molecules. Erythrocytes and ghosts exposed to continuous fluxes of H₂O₂ exhibited pronounced lipid peroxidation. Further, red blood cells subjected to this form of oxidative stress also showed increased staining with MC540. It appeared that this was caused by a strong increase in binding of MC540, together with a slight red shift of the fluorescence emission maximum and a small increase in the fluorescence yield of bound MC540. The changed MC540 binding characteristics were not observed when lipid peroxidation was suppressed by the presence of the antioxidant BHT in the incubation medium. However, open ghosts exposed to H₂O₂ showed no increase of MC540 binding, excluding a direct involvement of lipid peroxidation. Measurement of fluorescence emission spectra and gel filtration studies showed that MC540 can bind to H₂O₂-exposed hemoglobin. Experiments with erythrocytes lysed in hypotonic medium after exposure to H₂O₂ revealed that peroxidation of lipids with H₂O₂ induced a non-specific permeabilization of the plasma membrane to MC540, thereby allowing MC540 to bind to the oxidatively denatured, more hydrophobic hemoglobin. These results indicate that conclusions about packing of phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the membrane based on increased MC540-staining should be drawn with care. Received 27 September 1996; received after revision 5 November 1996; accepted 27 November 1996     

丁烯二酸二异辛酯生产工艺的改进

通过系列的实验，研究了催化剂，反应温度和操作压力对酯化过程的影响，找出了适宜的反应条件，改进了丁烯二酯二异辛酯酯化过程的生产工艺，并扩大生产。     

平台用钢微观组织对其分层面上解理断裂应力的影响

利用专门设计的厚度方向缺口四点弯曲试样，结合相应的弹塑性有限元计算结果，在液氮温度下测取了一种海洋平台用钢的６种微观组织分层面上的解理断裂应力σ＊ｆ．结果显示，均匀细小的铁素体＋贝氏体组织具有比铁素体＋带状珠光体为高的σ＊ｆ值．对于同一终轧温度，轧后冷速愈高，其得到的微观组织之σ＊ｆ值愈高．而对于同一轧后冷却制度，则终轧于Ａｒ３与再结晶停止温度之间者其得到的微观组织具有最高的σ＊ｆ值．讨论了各微观组织组成相的作用     

基于中间曲面的局部纹理映射技术

提出一种以平面和一般参数曲面作为中间曲面的局部纹理映射方法，与传统的纹理映射方法相比，不仅能准确地确定纹理贴图的位置，而且可以灵活地改变贴图区域的大小，增加了纹理映射的应用范围，减小了纹理映射中的图案变形。     

对数正态分布场合恒定应力加速寿命试验的MLE和AMLE

在寿命分布为对数正态分布场合，由恒定应力加速寿合试验所获的数据，给出未知参数的近似极大似然估计．     

带堆焊层钢管焊接接头耐蚀性的电化学评定

采用电化学测试技术评价了低碳钢管管端内壁不锈钢焊条堆焊后再用相同焊条进行打底焊所得焊接接头（特别是焊接热影响区）的耐蚀性，选用两种高合金焊条M2、M6，并对堆焊金属进行热模拟试验，测定了模拟热影响区不同部位在3％NaCl介质中的阳极极化行为．结果表明，按新工艺焊接的接头代替普通碳钢焊接接头可有效地提高管道接头的使用寿命．两种焊条中，含Nb的M2耐蚀性比M6好，铌能够有效提高接头的耐均匀腐蚀、晶间腐蚀和点蚀能力，热影响区600～1000℃是高合金接头耐蚀性最薄弱的区域，建议采用超低碳含铌高合金焊条，以解决热影响区的腐蚀问题．     

幂律流体不稳定径向流的数值解法

对微可压缩非牛顿幂律流体在均质多孔介质中的非稳定径向渗流方程进行了回顾和对比，用有限差分方法建立了微分方程的数值解法．研究了时间步长、空间步长对数值解精度和稳定性的影响，并结合算例绘出了不同流性指数的瞬时压力曲线．该研究结果可用于非牛顿流体渗流机理研究及试井分析．     

区块整体调剖的压力指数决策技术

根据注水井试井公式，演化、推导出注水井压力指数ＰＩ（Ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｉｎｄｅｘ）计算公式，并进行了室内岩心试验．室内试验结果证实，ＰＩ值与流量成正比；与渗透率具有双曲线关系；与注入截面面积反相关．这些规律与推导出的注水井ＰＩ值公式所表示的变量间关系一致．此外，室内试验还证实了平行管岩心复合ＰＩ值同其中高渗透率岩心的ＰＩ值接近；平行管中两个岩心的ＰＩ值、渗透率，随着调剖次数的增加各自向同一的ＰＩ值、渗透率值靠拢；调剖后随注水量的增加，岩心ＰＩ值先升高，后降低．该项技术已用于广利油田莱３８等区块．