科研女性成长不易,全社会应多给与关注

据2009年中国科协第二次全国科技工作者状况调查结果数据显示,中国女性科技工作者为1437万人,占目前中国5160万科技人力资源总量的近1/3.而且总量与比例仍在持续增加.但是,与总量规模相比较,女科技工作者队伍的质量优势却相对较弱,女性在高层科技群体中所占比例非常低,职位越高女性人数越少.据相关统计,女性中国科学院、中国工程院院士在两院院士中占5%左右,在"973计划"(国家重点基础研究发展计划)首席科学家中占4.6%,在中国青年科技奖获奖者中占8.4%,在全国性自然科学专业学会的常务理事中占8%;而在"863计划"(中国高技术研究发展计划)专家组中,基至没有一位女性.     

基于MODIS数据的2001-2018年黑龙江省林火时空分布

[目的]黑龙江省是中国重要的林业省份之一,也是受林火危害最严重的地区之一.通过遥感数据获取森林火点信息,充分了解近年来黑龙江省林火发生的时空分布格局,探索林火发生规律.[方法]根据黑龙江省2001—2018年MODIS(分辨率成像光谱仪)遥感图像的MCD64A1火烧迹地产品数据集,提取林火火点信息,结合历史火灾记录资料...     

Genomic analysis of Bartonella identifies type IV secretion systems as host adaptability factors

The bacterial genus Bartonella comprises 21 pathogens causing characteristic intraerythrocytic infections. Bartonella bacilliformis is a severe pathogen representing an ancestral lineage, whereas the other species are benign pathogens that evolved by radial speciation. Here, we have used comparative and functional genomics to infer pathogenicity genes specific to the radiating lineage, and we suggest that these genes may have facilitated adaptation to the host environment. We determined the complete genome sequence of Bartonella tribocorum by shotgun sequencing and functionally identified 97 pathogenicity genes by signature-tagged mutagenesis. Eighty-one pathogenicity genes belong to the core genome (1,097 genes) of the radiating lineage inferred from genome comparison of B. tribocorum, Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana. Sixty-six pathogenicity genes are present in B. bacilliformis, and one has been lost by deletion. The 14 pathogenicity genes specific for the radiating lineage encode two laterally acquired type IV secretion systems, suggesting that these systems have a role in host adaptability.     

事务处理技术及在煤矿安全信息管理系统中的应用

事务处理是重要的数据库完整性保证技术,本文结合煤矿安全信息管理系统的研制,介绍了事务概念、MS SQL Server事务处理语句、ASP事务处理及编程实现.将事务处理技术用于网络数据库系统的开发,将有效地保证系统数据的完整性.     

MA法制备复合材料常用设备的比较分析(综述)

简述了机械合金化常用设备的工作原理及特点,分析了机械合金化设备对制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料的影响因素,为制备复合材料的设备选用及工艺的设计提供依据,并对球磨机的研究与开发提出了技术展望.     

状态方程计算高分子共混物的比体积

基于一个简单的非均核链流体分子热力学模型,采用不同形式的微扰项,可构筑不同形式的高分子共混物系统的状态方程。方程已被应用于关联聚苯乙烯/聚2,6-二甲基苯醚(PS/PPO)、聚苯乙烯/聚乙烯甲醚(PS/PVME)、聚苯乙烯/聚丁二烯(PS/PBD)、聚醚砜/聚氧乙烯(PESP/PEO)等高分子共混物的比体积。结果显示,用一个与温度无关的二元相互作用可调参数可满意关联所选体系的比体积,并可预测所选体系的比体积。     

The Pristionchus pacificus genome provides a unique perspective on nematode lifestyle and parasitism

Here we present a draft genome sequence of the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, a species that is associated with beetles and is used as a model system in evolutionary biology. With 169 Mb and 23,500 predicted protein-coding genes, the P. pacificus genome is larger than those of Caenorhabditis elegans and the human parasite Brugia malayi. Compared to C. elegans, the P. pacificus genome has more genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes, glucosyltransferases, sulfotransferases and ABC transporters, many of which were experimentally validated. The P. pacificus genome contains genes encoding cellulase and diapausin, and cellulase activity is found in P. pacificus secretions, indicating that cellulases can be found in nematodes beyond plant parasites. The relatively higher number of detoxification and degradation enzymes in P. pacificus is consistent with its necromenic lifestyle and might represent a preadaptation for parasitism. Thus, comparative genomics analysis of three ecologically distinct nematodes offers a unique opportunity to investigate the association between genome structure and lifestyle.     

对称式不同形状簧片的振动特征

利用Workbench平台对射流液片激励3种不同形状劈尖的簧片振动问题进行计算分析,研究射流压强和劈尖形状对簧片振动特征的影响.结果表明:簧片振动达到稳态所需时间与射流压强成反比,簧片振幅与射流压强成正比,簧片振动频率与射流压强成正比或不变.同一射流压强情况下,等腰三角形劈尖簧片振动达到稳态所需时间最短,方形次之,半圆形最长;方形劈尖簧片振幅最大,等腰三角形居中,半圆形最小;等腰三角形劈尖簧片振动频率最高,方形最低,半圆形介于两者之间.     

中国铝业布局现状及影响因素分析

分析了2001-2008年中国铝产业空间布局的离散程度,并提炼出影响布局的三个主要影响因素即矿产资源禀赋、地理区位和市场需求,建立影响布局的模型,分析各个因素的显著程度,从而阐明中国电解铝产业在布局上的依赖因素和产业的变化情况。     

论职业学校学生就业能力和创业能力培养

培养职业学校的合格就业人才和创业人才,就是要把职业学校的学生培养成有科学思维、有开拓精神、有创造性头脑、有丰富基础和专业知识、有敬业思想、有坚强意志和百折不挠精神的人才。只有具备这些条件,才能适应未来社会的需求和挑战。