Storing of secretory material inside the perinuclear space

Zusammenfassung In Zellen des Subcommissuralorgans unbehandelter Wistar-Ratten und in neurosekretorischen Zellen NaCl-belasteter Teichmolche wurden voluminöse Erweiterungen der Perinuclearzisterne beobachtet, die beim Teichmolch zur Ausbildung grosser Vakuolen führen können. Perinuclearzisterne und Vakuolen enthalten ein feingranuläres, mässig elektronendichtes Material (proteinreiches Sekret). Es wird eine intranucleäre Synthese von Oligopeptiden oder Proteinen für möglich gehalten.     

Low-mass relics of early star formation

The earliest stars to form in the Universe were the first sources of light, heat and metals after the Big Bang. The products of their evolution will have had a profound impact on subsequent generations of stars. Recent studies of primordial star formation have shown that, in the absence of metals (elements heavier than helium), the formation of stars with masses 100 times that of the Sun would have been strongly favoured, and that low-mass stars could not have formed before a minimum level of metal enrichment had been reached. The value of this minimum level is very uncertain, but is likely to be between 10(-6) and 10(-4) that of the Sun. Here we show that the recent discovery of the most iron-poor star known indicates the presence of dust in extremely low-metallicity gas, and that this dust is crucial for the formation of lower-mass second-generation stars that could survive until today. The dust provides a pathway for cooling the gas that leads to fragmentation of the precursor molecular cloud into smaller clumps, which become the lower-mass stars.     

Predicting distributions of known and unknown reptile species in Madagascar

Despite the importance of tropical biodiversity, informative species distributional data are seldom available for biogeographical study or setting conservation priorities. Modelling ecological niche distributions of species offers a potential solution; however, the utility of old locality data from museums, and of more recent remotely sensed satellite data, remains poorly explored, especially for rapidly changing tropical landscapes. Using 29 modern data sets of environmental land coverage and 621 chameleon occurrence localities from Madagascar (historical and recent), here we demonstrate a significant ability of our niche models in predicting species distribution. At 11 recently inventoried sites, highest predictive success (85.1%) was obtained for models based only on modern occurrence data (74.7% and 82.8% predictive success, respectively, for pre-1978 and all data combined). Notably, these models also identified three intersecting areas of over-prediction that recently yielded seven chameleon species new to science. We conclude that ecological niche modelling using recent locality records and readily available environmental coverage data provides informative biogeographical data for poorly known tropical landscapes, and offers innovative potential for the discovery of unknown distributional areas and unknown species.     

桂林唐家湾地区上泥盆统桂林组碳酸盐岩微相

广西桂林唐家湾地区上泥盆统桂林组发育8种微相类型,即灰泥岩、球粒-泥粒岩/颗粒岩、生物屑粒泥岩、棘皮-泥粒岩、枝状层孔虫-颗粒岩、层孔虫-棘皮-泥粒岩/颗粒岩、枝状层孔虫-棘度-泥粒岩/漂砾灰岩、鲕粒-球粒泥粒岩/颗粒岩。由于海平面变化及水体盐度变化形成3种沉积旋回类型。桂林组碳酸盐岩是在地形平坦的浅水台地或台隆上沉积的。由于受台盆相间的古地理格局的控制,只出现过短暂的风暴潮高能沉积,并导致生物组合分异度低。     

A uniform approach to multidimensional scaling

We present a method and an algorithm that puts interval and ordinal multidimensional scaling at two ends of a continuum. Theory and simulation show that the method compares favorably with classical scaling methods. A parameter is identified that produces scaling that combines benefits of interval, and ordinal scaling.     

基于热压块的不锈钢粉尘还原实验

为了从不锈钢粉尘中回收利用Fe,Cr和Ni等,对不锈钢粉尘热压块制备及其自还原过程进行了研究.在热压温度为200℃,热压压力为35 MPa条件下,抗压强度达到900 N/个以上.高温条件下,煤热解产生的挥发分可参与不锈钢粉尘还原反应,当还原温度为1 400,1 450℃时,挥发分还原作用率达到0.4.据XRD分析和热力学计算,自还原过程中含铬物质的物相转变顺序为Fe Cr2O4,Cr2O3,Cr7C3,[Cr]Fe-Cr-Ni-C.当还原温度为1 450℃,烟煤中固定碳与粉尘中可去除氧的物质量的比(xc/xo)为0.72时,不锈钢粉尘热压块不能完全还原;当xc/xo大于0.8,还原20 min时,不锈钢粉尘热压块能完全还原.     

本溪地区BIF中玄武质围岩的高场强元素特征

辽宁本溪地区条带状铁矿(BIF)与其玄武质火山围岩之间的时空关联非常密切.对于玄武质火山围岩高场强元素(HFSE)的研究表明:wNb/wTa比值(7.00~19.93)表现出明显的分异,而wZr/wHf比值(33.46~38.28)则变化不大;从弓长岭到南芬、歪头山样品的wNb/wTa比值变化具有明显的循序性.这种高场强元素的迁移和分异特征反映出俯冲作用与盆地演化之间的关联.研究区玄武质火山围岩(wNb/wYb)N比值大于1(1.21~18.45,平均2.72),这进一步表明,其形成的构造背景为陆内弧后盆地提供了有利于BIF形成的条件.