Ringschlußversuche mit halogenierten Naphthalinthioglykolsäuren

Summary It has been found that cyclisation of -halogenated -naphthalene-thioglycolic acids can occur in -position with the elimination of the halogen. The influence of the temperature and of a further substituent (halogen) in the second nucleus are discussed.     

Biosynthesis of 1-alkenes in the defensive secretions ofTribolium confusum (Tenebrionidae); stereochemical implications

Summary The terminally unsaturated hydrocarbons of the defensive secretion ofTribolium confusum are biosynthesized from fatty acids by oxidative decarboxylation. The process involves an enantiospecific cleavage of the C–H bond of thepro-(S) C(3)–H atom and simultaneous decarboxylation of the acid into an 1-alkene and carbon dioxide via ananti-periplanar transition state geometry (anti-elimination). The stereochemistry of this biotranformation is identical in all respects with the same reaction in higher plants. The mechanism seems to be of general importance for the biosynthesis of many vinylic substructures of natural products from oxygen-containing precursors.     

The gene encoding ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 is mutated in axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4A disease.

We identified three distinct mutations and six mutant alleles in GDAP1 in three families with axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy and vocal cord paresis, which were previously linked to the CMT4A locus on chromosome 8q21.1. These results establish the molecular etiology of CMT4A (MIM 214400) and suggest that it may be associated with both axonal and demyelinating phenotypes.     

Common variation at 10p12.31 near MLLT10 influences meningioma risk

To identify susceptibility loci for meningioma, we conducted a genome-wide association study of 859 affected individuals (cases) and 704 controls with validation in two independent sample sets totaling 774 cases and 1,764 controls. We identified a new susceptibility locus for meningioma at 10p12.31 (MLLT10, rs11012732, odds ratio = 1.46, P(combined) = 1.88 × 10(-14)). This finding advances our understanding of the genetic basis of meningioma development.     

Monoamine pathways to the cerebellum and cerebral cortex

Zusammenfassung In kombinierter histochemischer und biochemischer Untersuchung werden Dopamin-, Noradrenalin-und 5-Hydroxytryptamin-Neurone nach Entfernung von Cortex cerebri und Cerebellum studiert. Es ergibt sich, dass die Noradrenalin-Nerventerminale, welche Cortex cerebri und Cerebellum innervieren, vermutlich von feinen Axonen her stammen, deren Zellkörper mindestens zum Teil in der Formatio reticularis der Medulla oblongata gelegen sind. Die Noradrenalin-und 5-Hydroxytryptamin-Axone, die nach dem Cortex cerebri ziehen, passieren vermutlich zur Hauptsache das Cingulum.