The production of chromosome structural changes by radiation

Summary This paper attempts an update and comment upon some of the topics of chromosome aberration formation which Lea raised in Chapter VI of his classic work Actions of Radiations on Living Cells²⁴. Only the first nine sections of this chapter are covered, which deal primarily with the qualitative aspects of aberrations, their formation, classification and interrelationships. In commenting upon these topics, pertinent references are made to work with mammalian and human cells.Increased knowledge of the importance of DNA as a fundamental target and the integral part it plays in the complex structure of the chromosome, coupled with cellular techniques not available to these earlier workers necessitate some revision and modification of early ideas. However, inspite of the enormous accumulation of data and ideas since the original work was published in 1946, the foundation that these early workers laid is still very solid. Surprisingly, we are still puzzled by many of the problems that perplexed them.     

基于驾驶员眼动分析的事故多发点改造方案评价方法研究

对事故多发点进行改造是减少事故的发生、增强交通安全的重要措施,其中增加标志标线等交通安全设施是常见的改造方式。由于驾驶行为是影响交通安全的重要因素,因此有必要从驾驶员角度对改造效进行评价。本文研究了某二级公路的事故多发点特点,在现场实验的基础上结合驾驶员眼动注视点的特征分析,分别从驾驶员注视特征、运营速度、改造前后的事故分析,综合评价事故多发点的改造效果,同时分析驾驶员负荷特征,为未来事故多发点的安全改造方案提出可行建议。     

W1607俯斜沿空综采面的瓦斯治理及防灭火技术

新集二矿针对W1607俯斜沿空综采工作面瓦斯涌出的特点,分析了工作面上隅角的瓦斯来源,对综采工作面设施了合理配风、均压通风、本煤层瓦斯抽放、顶板走向钻孔抽放及顶板高抽巷抽放瓦斯的综合治理及防火措施,确保了高产高效俯斜沿空综采工作面的安全生产。     

Dimensionality of consumer search space drives trophic interaction strengths

Trophic interactions govern biomass fluxes in ecosystems, and stability in food webs. Knowledge of how trophic interaction strengths are affected by differences among habitats is crucial for understanding variation in ecological systems. Here we show how substantial variation in consumption-rate data, and hence trophic interaction strengths, arises because consumers tend to encounter resources more frequently in three dimensions (3D) (for example, arboreal and pelagic zones) than two dimensions (2D) (for example, terrestrial and benthic zones). By combining new theory with extensive data (376 species, with body masses ranging from 5.24 × 10(-14) kg to 800 kg), we find that consumption rates scale sublinearly with consumer body mass (exponent of approximately 0.85) for 2D interactions, but superlinearly (exponent of approximately 1.06) for 3D interactions. These results contradict the currently widespread assumption of a single exponent (of approximately 0.75) in consumer-resource and food-web research. Further analysis of 2,929 consumer-resource interactions shows that dimensionality of consumer search space is probably a major driver of species coexistence, and the stability and abundance of populations.