Substrate twinning activates the signal recognition particle and its receptor

Signal sequences target proteins for secretion from cells or for integration into cell membranes. As nascent proteins emerge from the ribosome, signal sequences are recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP), which subsequently associates with its receptor (SR). In this complex, the SRP and SR stimulate each other's GTPase activity, and GTP hydrolysis ensures unidirectional targeting of cargo through a translocation pore in the membrane. To define the mechanism of reciprocal activation, we determined the 1.9 A structure of the complex formed between these two GTPases. The two partners form a quasi-two-fold symmetrical heterodimer. Biochemical analysis supports the importance of the extensive interaction surface. Complex formation aligns the two GTP molecules in a symmetrical, composite active site, and the 3'OH groups are essential for association, reciprocal activation and catalysis. This unique circle of twinned interactions is severed twice on hydrolysis, leading to complex dissociation after cargo delivery.     

中国古代文学学习的困惑及反思

高等院校中国古代文学课程已经形成了一个比较完善的学科体系,其所传授的知识内容、教学的模式也已相对固定.但由于高校中国古代文学教学课时数相对较少、教学内容庞杂、学生学习方法不当等诸多原因,学生在学习时面临不少的困惑.     

藏药波棱瓜花质量标准的初步研究

对藏药波棱瓜花药材的质量标准进行初步研究.根据2010年版《中国药典》附录IX相关方法,对波棱瓜花药材的水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、醇溶性浸出物进行测定;并对该药材的性状、显微特征进行描述;采用薄层色谱(TLC)法进行定性鉴别.初步明确了波棱瓜花药材性状、显微和薄层鉴别方法,并确立了波棱瓜花药材水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物的限量.本研究为波棱瓜花的质量标准的的制定提供参考依据.     

The production of chromosome structural changes by radiation

This paper attempts an update and comment upon some of the topics of chromosome aberration formation which Lea raised in Chapter VI of his classic work 'Actions of Radiations on living Cells'. Only the first nine sections of this chapter are covered, which deal primarily with the qualitative aspects of aberrations, their formation, classification and interrelationships. In commenting upon these topics, pertinent references are made to work with mammalian and human cells. Increased knowledge of the importance of DNA as a fundamental target and the integral part it plays in the complex structure of the chromosome, coupled with cellular techniques not available to these earlier workers necessitate some revision and modification of early ideas. However, inspite of the enormous accumulation of data and ideas since the original work was published in 1946, the foundation that these early workers laid is still very solid. Surprisingly, we are still puzzled by many of the problems that perplexed them.