转SOD基因烟草的光合特性初探

 以转基因Fe-SOD,Mn-SOD高表达、转基因Mn-SOD反义低表达烟草及非转基因品系为供试材料,比较CO₂光强对烟草光合作用和蒸腾作用的影响及不同叶位叶片的光合差异.在相同条件下,Mn-SOD高表达烟草CO₂补偿点最高(105μmol·mol^-1),Mn-SOD低表达烟草最低(78μmol·mol^-1),CO₂浓度对非转基因烟草蒸腾作用的影响比对其他三个转基因品系的影响要强.Mn-SOD低表达烟草的光补偿点最高(45μmol·m^-2·s^-1),而Mn-SOD高表达烟草最低(25μmol·m^-2·s^-1),并且强光对非转基因烟草的光合作用抑制大,转基因品系对强光具有较强的耐受力.同一叶位叶片,转基因烟草的光合速率、蒸腾速率更强.但转基因SOD高表达烟草在整体上并没有表现出明显的光合作用优势.     

响应曲面法对三氯氢硅精馏工艺的优化

使用Aspen Plus模拟了三氯氢硅粗馏的三塔精馏过程,在Aspen单因素优化的基础上,利用统计学范畴的响应曲面法(RSM)进一步处理,探究了预分离塔和三氯氢硅塔的理论板数、进料位置、精馏采出、回流比等关键参数对于产品组成的综合影响,拟合了二项式数学模型,并按照不同权重给出了流程的参数组合。结果表明,以响应曲面法对流程进行优化较单因素优化可节能25.4%,对产品质量达标的方案可节能29.9%,对产品质量最优的方案可节能21.9%,优化效果良好。     

Woodpile结构中立体空间波导的研究

采用时域有限差分法设计并模拟了微波波段的三维立体结构中任意弯曲波导及空间腔腔耦合波导结构。模拟结果表明,三维立体的woodpile结构除了可以实现平面内任意弯曲波导如C型波导、Z型波导对光的可控制传输外,还可以实现非平面内光的多角度多方向的可控制传输。     

Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1beta production

Systems for protein degradation are essential for tight control of the inflammatory immune response. Autophagy, a bulk degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents into autolysosomes, controls degradation of long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates and invading microbes, and is suggested to be involved in the regulation of inflammation. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of inflammatory response by autophagy is poorly understood. Here we show that Atg16L1 (autophagy-related 16-like 1), which is implicated in Crohn's disease, regulates endotoxin-induced inflammasome activation in mice. Atg16L1-deficiency disrupts the recruitment of the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate to the isolation membrane, resulting in a loss of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine. Consequently, both autophagosome formation and degradation of long-lived proteins are severely impaired in Atg16L1-deficient cells. Following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, a ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 (refs 8, 9), Atg16L1-deficient macrophages produce high amounts of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, Atg16L1-deficiency causes Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF)-dependent activation of caspase-1, leading to increased production of IL-1beta. Mice lacking Atg16L1 in haematopoietic cells are highly susceptible to dextran sulphate sodium-induced acute colitis, which is alleviated by injection of anti-IL-1beta and IL-18 antibodies, indicating the importance of Atg16L1 in the suppression of intestinal inflammation. These results demonstrate that Atg16L1 is an essential component of the autophagic machinery responsible for control of the endotoxin-induced inflammatory immune response.     

一种用于光动力治疗的新型Corrole化合物发光特性研究

 通过稳态光谱和皮秒时间分辨的瞬态光谱技术详细研究了一种用于光动力治疗的新型化合物－5,10,15-三（五氟苯基）Corrole（F₁₅TPC）的发光性质。结果表明：F₁₅TPC具有双荧光发射特性;与卟啉相比,F₁₅TPC的S₂态荧光量子产率低,S₁态荧光量子产率高,F₁₅TPC的S₁态荧光寿命为4.8 ns,F₁₅TPC的S₁态具有荧光量子产率高、荧光寿命短的特点。这是由Corrole和卟啉发色团本身的电子结构以及其空间结构和对称性差异引起的。根据实验结果及Corrole和卟啉在光学性质方面的相似性,对Corrole的S₂态电子转移过程进行了类似的讨论。     

Plastid proteins crucial for symbiotic fungal and bacterial entry into plant roots

The roots of most higher plants form arbuscular mycorrhiza, an ancient, phosphate-acquiring symbiosis with fungi, whereas only four related plant orders are able to engage in the evolutionary younger nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbiosis with bacteria. Plant symbioses with bacteria and fungi require a set of common signal transduction components that redirect root cell development. Here we present two highly homologous genes from Lotus japonicus, CASTOR and POLLUX, that are indispensable for microbial admission into plant cells and act upstream of intracellular calcium spiking, one of the earliest plant responses to symbiotic stimulation. Surprisingly, both twin proteins are localized in the plastids of root cells, indicating a previously unrecognized role of this ancient endosymbiont in controlling intracellular symbioses that evolved more recently.     

Up-grading of natural ilmenite ore by combining oxidation and acid leaching

Rutile (TiO₂) is heavily used in pigments and colorants, and the most abundant source of rutile is ilmenite. Upon oxidation of ilmenite, rutile can be formed with modest energy consumption; furthermore, after leaching, only a few byproducts are formed. Unfortunately, one drawback is the necessarily long oxidative process of typically used methods. In this study, we show that a fluidized bed reactor can be used to oxidize ilmenite ore to rapidly form rutile and pseudobrookite (Fe₂TiO₅) phases. Ilmenite was oxidized with 5vol% O₂ in Ar at temperatures of 1173 K or 1223 K and subsequently leached using a diluted H₂SO₄ solution to dissolve the pseudobrookite phase. The effects of acid concentration, temperature, and cooling rate after oxidation were investigated. We show that the ilmenite was rapidly oxidized to form rutile and pseudobrookite phases at 1173 and 1223 K in a 5vol% O₂/95vol% Ar environment within 40 min. The final maximum rutile yield was 84.2mol% after leaching in (1 + 1) H₂SO₄ solution at 393 K for 12 h.     

Effect of lower bainite/martensite/retained austenite triplex microstructure on the mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel with quenching and partitioning process

We present a study concerning Fe–0.176C–1.31Si–1.58Mn–0.26Al–0.3Cr (wt%) steel subjected to a quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process. The results of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tensile tests demonstrate that the microstructures primarily consist of lath martensite, retained austenite, lower bainite (LB), and a small amount of tempered martensite; moreover, few twin austenite grains were observed. In the microstructure, three types of retained austenite with different sizes and morphologies were observed: blocky retained austenite (~300 nm in width), film-like retained austenite (80–120 nm in width), and ultra- fine film-like retained austenite (30–40 nm in width). Because of the effect of the retained austenite/martensite/LB triplex microstructure, the specimens prepared using different quenching temperatures exhibit high ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. Furthermore, the strength effect of LB can partially counteract the decreasing strength effect of martensite. The formation of LB substantially reduces the amount of retained austenite. Analyses of the retained austenite and the amount of blocky retained austenite indicated that the carbon content is critical to the total elongation of Q&P steel.     

负载型磷钨酸催化剂在癸二酸二辛酯合成中的应用

将介孔材料SBA-15与磷钨酸溶液在80℃水浴条件下蒸发浓缩制备负载型磷钨酸催化剂HPW-SBA-15作为合成癸二酸二辛酯的催化剂,并分析其酸催化性能及磷钨酸的负载量、温度、反应时间、酸醇比等因素对合成癸二酸二辛酯的影响.结果表明,在催化合成癸二酸二辛酯时,最佳反应条件为:磷钨酸负载量为50%,反应时间为2.5h,n(癸二酸)∶n(异辛醇)=1∶3.此时,酯化率最高为95.47%.