水环境下羟自由基致 Asp 分子损伤机理

采用色散校正密度泛函的WB97X D、 从头算的MP2及自洽反应场理论的SMD模型等方法, 研究在水气相和水液相环境下羟自由基抽取α 氢致天冬氨酸(Asp)损伤的反应机理. 结果表明： 水分子辅助羟自由基抽取α 氢致Asp损伤反应有2个通道a和b, 在通道a中羟自由基水分子簇与α 氢和氨基氮通过氢键作用形成配合物损伤, 在通道b中羟自由基水分子簇与α 氢和羰基氧通过氢键作用形成配合物损伤, 该通道为优势通道; 水气相和水液相环境下的反应活化能分别为-0.7,18.7 kJ/mol; 羟自由基抽取α 氢致Asp损伤的反应有1个通道, 水气相和水液相环境下的反应活化能分别为8.1,29.9 kJ/mol.     

NICT/ATR Chinese-Japanese-English Speech-to-Speech Translation System

This paper describes the latest version of the Chinese-Japanese-English handheld speech-tospeech translation system developed by NICT/ATR, which is now ready to be deployed for travelers. With the entire speech-to-speech translation function being implemented into one terminal, it realizes real-time, location-free speech-to-speech translation. A new noise-suppression technique notably improves the speech recognition performance. Corpus-based approaches of speech recognition, machine translation, and speech synthesis enable coverage of a wide variety of topics and portability to other languages. Test results show that the character accuracy of speech recognition is 82%-94% for Chinese speech, with a bilingual evaluation understudy score of machine translation is 0.55-0.74 for Chinese-Japanese and Chinese-English     

混CO2气井相态特征

通过实验对不同含量CO₂天然气偏差因子、密度的相应高压物性变化规律进行相态变化研究,针对沿井筒相态的关键参数压力、温度等变化规律复杂,而多个参数关联起来变化可能性更多,不可能通过实验一一测定,对不同含量CO₂气井应用常规天然气井压力温度计算模型加不同CO₂含量状态方程修正偏差因子,从而通过数值方法对非线性方程编程计算压力温度分布,并进一步计算相态参数偏差因子、密度分布。通过相关实例研究混CO₂气井相态特征,得出混CO₂气井流动气柱时成饱和蒸汽相、不饱和蒸汽与气相分布;而静止气柱时成液相、液气过渡相、气相,呈现重上轻下的倒置现象,实验结果与相关油田测试结果比较,相态特征基本吻合。     

Shoot control of root development and nodulation is mediated by a receptor-like kinase

In legumes, root nodule organogenesis is activated in response to morphogenic lipochitin oligosaccharides that are synthesized by bacteria, commonly known as rhizobia. Successful symbiotic interaction results in the formation of highly specialized organs called root nodules, which provide a unique environment for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. In wild-type plants the number of nodules is regulated by a signalling mechanism integrating environmental and developmental cues to arrest most rhizobial infections within the susceptible zone of the root. Furthermore, a feedback mechanism controls the temporal and spatial susceptibility to infection of the root system. This mechanism is referred to as autoregulation of nodulation, as earlier nodulation events inhibit nodulation of younger root tissues. Lotus japonicus plants homozygous for a mutation in the hypernodulation aberrant root (har1) locus escape this regulation and form an excessive number of nodules. Here we report the molecular cloning and expression analysis of the HAR1 gene and the pea orthologue, Pisum sativum, SYM29. HAR1 encodes a putative serine/threonine receptor kinase, which is required for shoot-controlled regulation of root growth, nodule number, and for nitrate sensitivity of symbiotic development.     

An autoregulatory circuit for long-range self-organization in Dictyostelium cell populations

Nutrient-deprived Dictyostelium amoebae aggregate to form a multicellular structure by chemotaxis, moving towards propagating waves of cyclic AMP that are relayed from cell to cell. Organizing centres are not formed by founder cells, but are dynamic entities consisting of cores of outwardly rotating spiral waves that self-organize in a homogeneous cell population. Spiral waves are ubiquitously observed in chemical reactions as well as in biological systems. Although feedback control of spiral waves in spatially extended chemical reactions has been demonstrated in recent years, the mechanism by which control is achieved in living systems is unknown. Here we show that mutants of the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway show periodic signalling, but fail to organize coherent long-range wave territories, owing to the appearance of numerous spiral cores. A theoretical model suggests that autoregulation of cell excitability mediated by protein kinase A acts to optimize the number of signalling centres.     

Differential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses

The innate immune system senses viral infection by recognizing a variety of viral components (including double-stranded (ds)RNA) and triggers antiviral responses. The cytoplasmic helicase proteins RIG-I (retinoic-acid-inducible protein I, also known as Ddx58) and MDA5 (melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5, also known as Ifih1 or Helicard) have been implicated in viral dsRNA recognition. In vitro studies suggest that both RIG-I and MDA5 detect RNA viruses and polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a synthetic dsRNA analogue. Although a critical role for RIG-I in the recognition of several RNA viruses has been clarified, the functional role of MDA5 and the relationship between these dsRNA detectors in vivo are yet to be determined. Here we use mice deficient in MDA5 (MDA5-/-) to show that MDA5 and RIG-I recognize different types of dsRNAs: MDA5 recognizes poly(I:C), and RIG-I detects in vitro transcribed dsRNAs. RNA viruses are also differentially recognized by RIG-I and MDA5. We find that RIG-I is essential for the production of interferons in response to RNA viruses including paramyxoviruses, influenza virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, whereas MDA5 is critical for picornavirus detection. Furthermore, RIG-I-/- and MDA5-/- mice are highly susceptible to infection with these respective RNA viruses compared to control mice. Together, our data show that RIG-I and MDA5 distinguish different RNA viruses and are critical for host antiviral responses.     

窄带Faraday反常色散光学滤波器

研究Faraday反常色散光学滤波器,给出其理论计算过程和模拟结果.结果表明,Faraday反常色散光学滤波器有线翼和线芯透过两种工作方式,其中线翼透过单峰谱线线宽约为600MHz,透过率约为25%,线芯透过谱线线宽约为700MHz,透过率约为100%.实验结果与理论结果相符.     

一维光子晶体的吸收特性与电场分布

考虑一维光子晶体的吸收特性与电场分布,分析了吸收介质和激活介质缺陷对光子晶体吸收率的影响,并分别计算了有缺陷和无缺陷时的电场分布.     

石墨纤维表面与孔隙的结构表征及分形性质分析

 
为了研究和分析石墨纤维表面与孔隙的结构和分形性质,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、全自动物理吸附分析仪对其进行测试与表征.研究结果表明：石墨纤维以圆柱状存在,直径约为12～18μm,表面较光滑,缺陷较少,有利于气体吸附;石墨纤维碳的质量分数约为95.86%,还含有少量的N、H、O、S和微量的Ca、Fe、Mg、Si、Al等元素,生产过程中留下的孔道不多;石墨纤维的比表面积较大,其微孔体积占总孔体积的97.98%,平均孔径在微孔区域,且孔径分布较窄,包含大量0.84nm左右和少量1.21nm左右的微孔,较丰富的微孔结构使其具有良好的吸附性能;石墨纤维的表面与孔隙具有较好的分形特性,分形维数分别为2.11和2.99,是一种有工业前景的吸附材料.     

原创中药红珠胶囊基于RRLC-ESI-MS/MS技术的化学成分分析

采用快速液相-三重串联四极杆质谱(RRLC-ESI-MS/MS)技术,在电喷雾质谱正模式和负模式下,对红珠胶囊内容物进行分析鉴定。通过质谱中分子离子峰和碎片离子峰的精确相对分子质量匹配,保留时间,紫外光谱对比,与对照品比对并结合参考文献鉴定,确证和指认了红珠胶囊中的新北美圣草苷、樱桃苷、柚皮苷、忍冬苷、野漆树苷、橙皮内酯水合物、7-(2″-α-鼠李糖基-6″-(3″″-羟基-3″″-甲基戊二酰)-β-D-葡萄糖基)柚皮素、异橙皮内酯、柚皮素9个化学成分。研究揭示了红珠胶囊的化学物质基础,为控制该药质量提供了依据。