Ultrahigh-quality silicon carbide single crystals

Silicon carbide (SiC) has a range of useful physical, mechanical and electronic properties that make it a promising material for next-generation electronic devices. Careful consideration of the thermal conditions in which SiC [0001] is grown has resulted in improvements in crystal diameter and quality: the quantity of macroscopic defects such as hollow core dislocations (micropipes), inclusions, small-angle boundaries and long-range lattice warp has been reduced. But some macroscopic defects (about 1-10 cm(-2)) and a large density of elementary dislocations (approximately 10(4) cm(-2)), such as edge, basal plane and screw dislocations, remain within the crystal, and have so far prevented the realization of high-efficiency, reliable electronic devices in SiC (refs 12-16). Here we report a method, inspired by the dislocation structure of SiC grown perpendicular to the c-axis (a-face growth), to reduce the number of dislocations in SiC single crystals by two to three orders of magnitude, rendering them virtually dislocation-free. These substrates will promote the development of high-power SiC devices and reduce energy losses of the resulting electrical systems.     

新型二维函数光子晶体的透射特性

用平面波展开法研究二维函数光子晶体的TE(transverse electric)波和TM(transverse magnetic)波带隙结构,并与二维传统光子晶体的带隙结构进行比较.通过给出不同介质柱介电常数的函数形式考察二维函数光子晶体带隙结构的变化.结果表明,二维函数光子晶体存在绝对带隙和半Dirac点.     

水环境下羟自由基致 Asp 分子损伤机理

采用色散校正密度泛函的WB97X D、 从头算的MP2及自洽反应场理论的SMD模型等方法, 研究在水气相和水液相环境下羟自由基抽取α 氢致天冬氨酸(Asp)损伤的反应机理. 结果表明： 水分子辅助羟自由基抽取α 氢致Asp损伤反应有2个通道a和b, 在通道a中羟自由基水分子簇与α 氢和氨基氮通过氢键作用形成配合物损伤, 在通道b中羟自由基水分子簇与α 氢和羰基氧通过氢键作用形成配合物损伤, 该通道为优势通道; 水气相和水液相环境下的反应活化能分别为-0.7,18.7 kJ/mol; 羟自由基抽取α 氢致Asp损伤的反应有1个通道, 水气相和水液相环境下的反应活化能分别为8.1,29.9 kJ/mol.     

SWAP-70 is a guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor that mediates signalling of membrane ruffling

Phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K), activated through growth factor stimulation, generates a lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 is instrumental in signalling pathways that trigger cell activation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, survival and other reactions. However, some targets of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 are yet to be discovered. We demonstrate that SWAP-70, a unique signalling protein, specifically binds PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. On stimulation by growth factors, cytoplasmic SWAP-70, which is dependent on PI(3)K but independent of Ras, moved to cell membrane rearrangements known as ruffles. However, mutant SWAP-70 lacking the ability to bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 blocked membrane ruffling induced by epidermal growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor. SWAP-70 shows low homology with Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), and catalyses PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange to Rac. SWAP-70-deficient fibroblasts showed impaired membrane ruffling after stimulation with epidermal growth factor, and failed to activate Rac fully. We conclude that SWAP-70 is a new type of Rac-GEF which, independently of Ras, transduces signals from tyrosine kinase receptors to Rac.     

多壁碳纳米管压缩与弯曲时屈曲的ANSYS模拟

壳模型是研究碳纳米管力学行为时广泛采用的模型,但模型的等效厚度与碳管的物理厚度差别较大,长期存在争议.特别是当壳模型用于多壁碳纳米管分析时,层间作用需要额外考虑.提出碳纳米管的三明治式连续介质模型,用三层连续介质模拟一层碳管：内层模拟层内σ-键,两外侧层模拟层间范德华作用和π-键.该模型可直接利用有限元方法分析多壁碳纳米管的力学行为,且与已有分子动力学等计算结果比较,表明了该模型的有效性.     

氯乙烯精馏过程模拟优化与节能降耗的研究

针对某聚氯乙烯厂精馏过程中氯乙烯产品纯度低、能耗高的问题,利用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus对氯乙烯精馏系统中的T-203塔进行模拟优化,选择适合氯乙烯体系的NRTL模型进行计算,确定理论板数为28块。根据灵敏度分析和正交试验得到最佳操作参数为:回流比为0.8,进料位置为第2块理论板,侧线采出位置为第18块理论板。产品中氯乙烯质量分数达到99.999%,低沸物质量分数小于1×10-6,高沸物质量分数小于5×10-6。同时对精馏系统提出两项节能降耗技术,其中循环水改造技术预计为企业带来经济效益1034.85万元/a,高效导向筛板技术可以有效提高分离效率和生产能力。     

高速电主轴热特性仿真与实验研究

对高速电主轴温度场分布随转速的变化规律进行了研究。通过在外壳上布置一定数量的温度传感器,对不同转速下的外壳温度进行实时测量,并将实验结果与ANSYS的模拟结果进行对比,验证了采用在电主轴外壳上布置多个测点测量与仿真相结合的方法来预测电主轴内部温度场分布的可行性;另外还分析了在不同转速下,高速电主轴关键部位的温升,仿真结果表明:主轴在6000~10000 r/min时,温升呈线性增加,在大于10000 r/min后,温升以指数规律增加。     

NICT/ATR Chinese-Japanese-English Speech-to-Speech Translation System

This paper describes the latest version of the Chinese-Japanese-English handheld speech-tospeech translation system developed by NICT/ATR, which is now ready to be deployed for travelers. With the entire speech-to-speech translation function being implemented into one terminal, it realizes real-time, location-free speech-to-speech translation. A new noise-suppression technique notably improves the speech recognition performance. Corpus-based approaches of speech recognition, machine translation, and speech synthesis enable coverage of a wide variety of topics and portability to other languages. Test results show that the character accuracy of speech recognition is 82%-94% for Chinese speech, with a bilingual evaluation understudy score of machine translation is 0.55-0.74 for Chinese-Japanese and Chinese-English     

松花江吉林市段江水与沉积物中多环芳烃的分布、 来源和生态风险

在丰水期、 枯水期和平水期分别采集松花江吉林市段的江水和沉积物样品, 先用气相色谱 质谱联用仪(GC MS)测定其中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量, 再通过比值法对各水期江水和沉积物中的PAHs进行来源识别, 并分别利用商值法和风险效应值法评价江水和沉积物的生态风险. 结果表明: 松花江吉林市段丰水期、 枯水期和平水期江水中PAHs的质量浓度分别为0.917~3.974 μg/L,0.980~3.293 μg/L和0.771~4.127 μg/L; 丰水期和平水期沉积物中PAHs的质量比分别为1 035.5~1 732.0 ng/g和1 188.5~1 632.0 ng/g; 不同水期江水中的PAHs质量浓度变化较大, 沉积物中的PAHs质量比变化较小; PAHs为石油源和燃烧源混合输入所致; 江水中PAHs的生态风险较小, 表层沉积物中的PAHs具有一定的生态风险.     

原创中药红珠胶囊基于RRLC-ESI-MS/MS技术的化学成分分析

采用快速液相-三重串联四极杆质谱(RRLC-ESI-MS/MS)技术,在电喷雾质谱正模式和负模式下,对红珠胶囊内容物进行分析鉴定。通过质谱中分子离子峰和碎片离子峰的精确相对分子质量匹配,保留时间,紫外光谱对比,与对照品比对并结合参考文献鉴定,确证和指认了红珠胶囊中的新北美圣草苷、樱桃苷、柚皮苷、忍冬苷、野漆树苷、橙皮内酯水合物、7-(2″-α-鼠李糖基-6″-(3″″-羟基-3″″-甲基戊二酰)-β-D-葡萄糖基)柚皮素、异橙皮内酯、柚皮素9个化学成分。研究揭示了红珠胶囊的化学物质基础,为控制该药质量提供了依据。