Cloning of a representative genomic library of the human X chromosome after sorting by flow cytometry

A library of 50,000 recombinants representative of the human X chromosome has been constructed. Human X chromosomes were physically separated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The DNA was purified from the chromosomes, digested to completion with the restriction enzyme EcoRI and cloned into the phage lambda gtWES.lambda B. The X-derived nature of the recombinants was confirmed by hybridization to rodent/human cell line DNA containing only the human X chromosome. Such libraries will be particularly useful for the investigation of genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where the basic defect has not been elucidated, and of neoplasia, where several specific chromosomal anomalies, particularly for the leukaemias, have been identified.     

彩色摄像机的白平衡调整

阐述了彩色摄像机的白平衡调整的原理。方法以及光源种类对白平衡调整的影响,并说明色温滤色片的选择方法和特殊情况下的白平衡调整。     

基于有限体积法的离散裂缝模型两相流动模拟

正确认识裂缝性油藏流体流动规律是其高效开发的基础,离散裂缝模型因其对裂缝予以显式降维处理,能够大大提高计算效率而逐渐成为当前研究的热点。有限体积法在控制体单元上具有明确的物理意义,能够严格保证局部质量守恒,适用于流场性质不连续的情况。基于Delaunay三角网的对偶网格构建有限体积控制单元,推导了离散裂缝模型油水两相流动控制方程的有限体积数值计算格式,实现了离散裂缝模型油水两相数值模拟,通过算例验证了该方法的正确性与高效性。研究表明:该方法能够严格保证局部质量守恒,计算过程中收敛性较好,适用于离散裂缝油藏的数值模拟,与单孔隙介质模型计算结果具有很好的一致性,计算效率提高2.5～3.0倍。     

基于贝叶斯理论与Vine Copula的化工过程异常事件数的预测

针对化工过程风险,提出了一种化工过程异常事件数的预测方法。化工生产过程中由于受到干扰,时常发生异常事件。异常事件如果得不到有效控制将引发生产事故,其发生次数越高表明发生生产事故的概率越大,因此,准确预测化工过程异常事件数有助于提高化工过程的风险管理水平。基于操作班组,采用贝叶斯理论与Vine Copula建立了动态预测模型,实现对化工过程一个轮班内异常事件数的预测。     

江浙地区抬梁和穿斗木构体系典型榫卯节点受力性能

针对江浙地区抬梁和穿斗木构体系中馒头榫、透榫、半榫及瓜柱柱脚直榫4种典型榫卯节点,通过试验研究其在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、转角刚度、延性系数及耗能能力.结果表明:馒头榫、透榫、半榫节点的滞回曲线均呈Z形,具有明显的捏拢特性,而瓜柱柱脚直榫节点的滞回曲线呈反S形,较不饱满;这4种榫卯试件均经历了弹性阶段、屈服阶段和破坏阶段,耗能能力随着节点转角的增加而减小;在节点耗能能力上,按从优到劣排序分别为半榫、馒头榫、透榫、瓜柱柱脚直榫.研究结果可为抬梁和穿斗木构建筑的计算分析及保护修缮提供理论基础.     

铜铁共催化烯烃串联加成/环化合成异喹啉二酮

发展了一种铜/铁协同催化的N-烯丙酰基苯甲酰胺串联加成/环化/偶联合成叔烷基化异喹啉二酮的反应.在廉价金属Cu/Fe协同催化作用下,烷基偶氮试剂介导N-丙烯酰基-N-烷基氯代苯甲酰胺发生串联加成/环化,区域选择性地切断C-Cl键而发生进一步交叉偶联,以41%~78%的产率合成了一系列远端双重α-官能团化叔烷基取代的异喹啉二酮骨架.该反应首次利用卤代苯甲酰胺去芳构化而形成的超共轭自由基为偶联体与偶氮试剂发生交叉偶联,选择性地在碳-卤键位置构建碳（叔）-碳键.此偶联策略将为深入拓展叔烷基-芳基交叉偶联提供新的思路.     

承钢高炉炉缸沉积物矿相的研究

针对承钢高炉在冶炼炼钒钛矿过程中炉缸中生成大量沉积物，影响高炉顺行这一情况，对承钢高炉沉积物进行了矿物组成和矿相分析，结合承钢生产具体情况，提出减少承铜高炉炉缸沉积物的措施。     

正交胶合竹板单面火损后力学性能试验研究

为研究正交胶合竹板单面火损后的力学性能,通过对12块试件进行承载力试验,分析了不同火损时长、不同阻燃处理方式对正交胶合竹板炭化性能和残余承载力的影响.结果表明,相同阻燃处理方式下正交胶合竹板的炭化程度随火损时长增加而增加,残余承载力随火损时长增加而降低.当火损时长相同时,不同阻燃处理方式下正交胶合竹板的炭化速度由高到低...     

Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms

Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if these trends continue, key marine organisms--such as corals and some plankton--will have difficulty maintaining their external calcium carbonate skeletons. Here we use 13 models of the ocean-carbon cycle to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a 'business-as-usual' scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. In our projections, Southern Ocean surface waters will begin to become undersaturated with respect to aragonite, a metastable form of calcium carbonate, by the year 2050. By 2100, this undersaturation could extend throughout the entire Southern Ocean and into the subarctic Pacific Ocean. When live pteropods were exposed to our predicted level of undersaturation during a two-day shipboard experiment, their aragonite shells showed notable dissolution. Our findings indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously.     

A novel method for improving cerussite sulfidization

Evaluation of flotation behavior, solution measurements, and surface analyses were performed to investigate the effects of chloride ion addition on the sulfidization of cerussite in this study. Micro-flotation tests indicate that the addition of chloride ions prior to sulfidization can significantly increase the flotation recovery of cerussite, which is attributed to the formation of more lead sulfide species on the mineral surface. Solution measurement results suggest that the addition of chloride ions prior to sulfidization induces the transformation of more sulfide ions from pulp solution onto the mineral surface by the formation of more lead sulfide species. X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy indicate that more lead sulfide species form on the mineral surface when chloride ions are added prior to sulfidization. These results demonstrate that the addition of chloride ions prior to sulfidization can significantly improve the sulfidization of cerussite, thereby enhancing the flotation performance.