电子仪器状态检测与典型故障的虚拟诊断技术

根据电子仪器的特点,提出了虚拟故障诊断概念。它不需要故障诊断电路和接口,是依据电子仪器测控系统的本身特点和其相关量,采用微电脑编程技术判断故障的方法,能实现对过程通道及传感器和执行器的自诊断。实践证明该方法经济、可靠、简单、易行。     

基于收缩视角的吉林省城镇化要素协调性测度

侧重于城市收缩的视角,综合引用标准差椭圆、协调耦合度、灰色关联系数等计量模型,借助ArcGIS和SPSS分析软件,对吉林省人口、用地、经济城镇化演进特征与协调性特征进行了分析研究.结果表明:(1)近10年来吉林省城镇人口、建设用地、城市经济指标均呈现出收缩的端倪,并且城镇化要素成长的空间差异性显著;(2)中部城市群是各...     

Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis

Atopic disease, including atopic dermatitis (eczema), allergy and asthma, has increased in frequency in recent decades and now affects approximately 20% of the population in the developed world. Twin and family studies have shown that predisposition to atopic disease is highly heritable. Although most genetic studies have focused on immunological mechanisms, a primary epithelial barrier defect has been anticipated. Filaggrin is a key protein that facilitates terminal differentiation of the epidermis and formation of the skin barrier. Here we show that two independent loss-of-function genetic variants (R510X and 2282del4) in the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) are very strong predisposing factors for atopic dermatitis. These variants are carried by approximately 9% of people of European origin. These variants also show highly significant association with asthma occurring in the context of atopic dermatitis. This work establishes a key role for impaired skin barrier function in the development of atopic disease.     

Common variants near MC4R are associated with fat mass, weight and risk of obesity

To identify common variants influencing body mass index (BMI), we analyzed genome-wide association data from 16,876 individuals of European descent. After previously reported variants in FTO, the strongest association signal (rs17782313, P = 2.9 x 10(-6)) mapped 188 kb downstream of MC4R (melanocortin-4 receptor), mutations of which are the leading cause of monogenic severe childhood-onset obesity. We confirmed the BMI association in 60,352 adults (per-allele effect = 0.05 Z-score units; P = 2.8 x 10(-15)) and 5,988 children aged 7-11 (0.13 Z-score units; P = 1.5 x 10(-8)). In case-control analyses (n = 10,583), the odds for severe childhood obesity reached 1.30 (P = 8.0 x 10(-11)). Furthermore, we observed overtransmission of the risk allele to obese offspring in 660 families (P (pedigree disequilibrium test average; PDT-avg) = 2.4 x 10(-4)). The SNP location and patterns of phenotypic associations are consistent with effects mediated through altered MC4R function. Our findings establish that common variants near MC4R influence fat mass, weight and obesity risk at the population level and reinforce the need for large-scale data integration to identify variants influencing continuous biomedical traits.     

玉米不同垅作及群体结构对产量影响初报

以玉米三种垅作形式为主要内容,研究不同垅作的增产机制及相应的群体结构,提高玉米大面积连片种植的单产水平。试验表明大垅和大小垅种植方式具有保持和提高土壤温度、水分、抗旱抗涝的作用,同时适于密植,光能利用率高等老年,吡常规小垅玉米增产１４．０％－２２．８５。适宜密度６－７万株／hm^2。图３,表２。     

一种基于串行总线的智能容错飞控计算机系统

从工程技术角度出发,讨论了适用于无人驾驶飞行器的容错飞控计算机系统的实现,给出了基于串行总线的智能容错飞控计算机系统结构,将工作状态检测系统和故障预测技术应用到容错计算机系统中,可在故障发生前采取容错措施,避免故障发生和故障造成的系统失效.给出了总线接口、运算控制单元、A/D转换单元、通讯模块的结构和实现方法,指出利用CPLD和HDL语言进行电路综合具有效率高、测试方便、易修改的特点,应在实践中广泛推广.     

公交优先的信号控制策略研究

研究了公交优先信号控制策略,模拟路边建立公交车辆检测器的情况下,不同交通流量和公交车发车间隔的最优控制策略,研究发现：当交通流量小于300辆／h．车道时,公交优先信号控制策略能显著地减少乘客的延误时间,而当交通流量达到500辆／h．车道时,即使有公交优先控制策略,而无公交专用道路,也不能有效减少乘客的延误时间,模拟实验的结果是：找到了使公交优先信号控制有效的交通流量和公交车发车间隔的阈值。     

住宅市场需求的组合预测

将组合预测方法引入住宅市场需求预测,以实例具体介绍了组合预测的应用过程,实例中采用了神经网络、灰色模型等预测方法的组合体系,对当前环境下的住宅市场需求预测进行了有益的探索。     

基于竞争失效模式的数控机床可靠性建模

数控机床是复杂的机电一体化系统,其故障不仅包括由于机械磨损造成的性能退化失效,还包括电子器件等引起的突发性失效,数控机床故障是退化失效和突发失效竞争的结果. 故本文假设突发失效和退化失效相互独立并且都服从Weibull分布,综合考虑突发失效和性能退化之间的相关性和竞争关系进行数控机床可靠性建模研究. 采用最小二乘估计法估计模型参数,运用D检验法进行参数拟和性检验;得出了一种基于竞争失效模式分析的可靠性评估模型. 最后,以15台某系列数控机床60个故障数据对该方法进行验证,说明了该方法的有效性和可行性.