非稳态条件下麻类纤维动态传热性能比较与分析

研究了几种常见麻类纤维(包括汉麻、亚麻、黄麻、苎麻)在非稳态条件下的动态传热性能,并与棉纤维进行对比.采用自行搭建的温度采集系统测试了高温环境(100℃)下每种纤维的动态温升曲线,根据动态传热率描述纤维在初始非稳态传热过程中的动态传热性能.研究结果表明,麻类纤维具有比棉纤维更加优良的动态传热性能,其中以苎麻纤维最优,其次分别为汉麻纤维、黄麻纤维、亚麻纤维.     

Effects of mechanical strain amplitude on the isothermal fatigue behavior of H13

Isothermal fatigue (IF) tests were performed on H13 tool steel subjected to three different mechanical strain amplitudes at a constant temperature to determine the effects of mechanical strain amplitude on the microstructure of the steel samples. The samples' extent of damage after IF tests was compared by observation of their cracks and calculation of their damage parameters. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe the microstructure of the samples. Cracks were observed to initiate at the surface because the strains and stresses there were the largest during thermal cycling. Mechanical strain accelerated the damage and softening of the steel. A larger mechanical strain caused greater deformation of the steel, which made the precipitated carbides easier to gather and grow along the deformation direction, possibly resulting in softening of the material or the initiation of cracks.     

Scan Strategy in Electron Beam Selective Melting

In electron beam selective melting process, powder pushed-away phenomena and uneven temperature field are two main obstacles, which are greatly associated with the electron beam scan mode. In this paper, various scan strategies, including iterative scan mode, reverse scan mode, interlaced reverse scan mode, randomized block scan mode, and constant length scan mode, are investigated. The analyses for each scan strategy are presented based on the influence to the temperature field over the formation zone and the powder pushed-away phenomena. The most promising strategy, interlaced reverse scan mode, is approved by the ANSYS simulation and a two-dimensional scan experiment. The result shows interlaced reverse scan mode can improve the uniformity of the temperature field and reduce the powder pushed-away phenomena.     

化学复习中如何提高选择题的准确率

通过对学生在处理选择题时进行方法技能的训练,既能使学生的薄弱环节得到强化训练,又激发了学生解决问题的成就感.在考试中,选择题做顺畅了,会让学生心理轻松,不仅提高了Ⅰ卷的得分率,也为Ⅱ卷多得分打下了良好的时间和知识基础.     

Science Letters: A new quantitative model of ecological compensation based on ecosystem capital in Zhejiang Province, China

Ecological compensation is becoming one of key and multidiscipline issues in the field of resources and environmental management. Considering the change relation between gross domestic product (GDP) and ecological capital (EC) based on remote sensing estimation, we construct a new quantitative estimate model for ecological compensation, using county as study unit, and determine standard value so as to evaluate ecological compensation from 2001 to 2004 in Zhejiang Province, China. Spatial differences of the ecological compensation were significant among all the counties or districts. This model fills up the gap in the field of quantitative evaluation of regional ecological compensation and provides a feasible way to reconcile the conflicts among benefits in the economic, social, and ecological sectors.     

不同环境下温室黄瓜叶片蒸腾速率的研究

为了研究环境对温室黄瓜叶片蒸腾速率的影响，以P-M方程为基础模拟了温室黄瓜叶片蒸腾速率在不同温度、相对湿度、光照和土壤温度下的响应状况。拟合结果表明：不同温度、相对湿度、光照、土壤温度下蒸腾速率的模拟值与实测值一致性较好，相关系数平方R2分别为0．728、0．667、0．818和0．824。结果表明：该模型对实现设施农业的高产、优质高效和持续发展具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。     

青年学生观点采择的道德思维探究

青年学生的观点采择能力是其社会认知水平和道德思维能力的具体表现，是社会和学校对学生教育影响的真实反映，同时观点采择能力的形成进一步促进了学生社会认知能力和道德思维水平的发展和提高。     

第四周期过渡金属钨磷杂多酸盐催化过氧化氢氧化正己醇成正己醛

以Keggin型杂多酸盐 (Na5PW11Z(H2 O)O3 9,Z =Mn ,Fe ,Co,Ni,Cu ,Zn ,以下简称为PW11Z)为催化剂 ,过氧化氢为氧化剂 ,在水—正己醇两相体系中进行了正己醇到正己醛的选择氧化反应 .在此选择氧化反应中同时伴随着过氧化氢分解的竞争反应 ,两种反应间存在着明显的对应关系 .在 70℃时 ,生成正己醛的催化剂活性序列为PW11Co>PW11Fe≈PW11Ni≈PW11Mn >PW11Cu≈PW11Zn ,其中PW11Co的正己醛收率为 3.3% ,当把过氧化氢稀释 ,向反应体系中滴入时 ,则正己醛的收率将大幅度提高 .对于PW11Co来说 ,正己醛的收率提高为 7.12 % ,选择性为 89.4% .还利用ICP ,IR ,UV等手段对催化剂进行了表征     

浅谈大型地下水池设计中伸缩缝的设置问题

文章从结构专业的角度谈水池设计中伸缩缝的设置问题.通过工程实例主要讲述大型水池结构设置伸缩缝的弊端,工程采用设置后浇带代替伸缩缝来预防渗漏.     

多元散射校正和逐步回归法建立黑土有机碳近红外光谱定量模型

采用全谱建立近红外校正模型，计算工作量大且冗余信息多。通过特定方法筛选特征波长有可能得到更好的定量校正模型。逐步回归法在波长选取方面起到了重要的作用。多元散射校正技术（Multiple scatter correction，MSC）可以有效剔除由样品颗粒大小、装填密度、湿度等不同引起的散射影响，有效提高光谱的信噪比。以我国东北黑土为研究对象，采集了136个土壤样品3699cm^-1-12000cm^-1范围的近红外光谱，利用多元散射校正技术对近红外原始光谱数据进行预处理，评价MSC的去噪效果，并利用多元线性回归法建立了土壤有机碳含量与校正光谱优选波长点处吸光度之间的关系模型，评价多元逐步回归法优选波长的有效性。结果表明，多元散射校正技术有效降低了散射的影响，提高了相关光谱的信噪比，模型决定系数从0．598提高至0．681。基于手动挑选波长建立的模型决定系数高达0．956，预测样品集模型预测值与实测值之间的相关系数为0．823。手动挑选波长建立的SOC模型预测能力优于基于逐步回归方法建立的定量模型，利用逐步回归分析法优选波长还需要进一步研究。图7,参26。