天津盘星藻属植物的研究

本文报道了天津的盘星藻属植物,计有5种和4变种,全部为本地区新记录。     

一种测试冶金熔体流变特性的方法

提出了采用可改变转速的高温粘度计,测试冶金熔体中熔渣和熔盐流变特性的方法,这种高温粘度计只对较为普启遍采用的高温粘度计进行少量的改进,提出利用这种高温粘度剂确定所测熔体的流变参数的方法,并给出修正后的本构方程。     

集合转换卡尔曼滤波同化的一种分析方案

集合转换卡尔曼滤波在处理非线性观测资料的同化时,通常对非线性观测算子做简单的线性化处理,这会带来较大的舍入误差,降低同化效果。通过对状态变量和观测变量的转换,将观测算子视为预报算子的一部分,对传统的同化算法进行改进,减小了同化中的误差。以典型的Lorenz-96预报模型来验证算法,对于较大模型误差或较强非线性观测算子的情形,结果好于传统的方法。     

一种求解GF(2m)上2,3次多项式根的快速查表算法

对BCH码和RS码解码时,常用Chien搜索法或直接查表法求取GF(2m)上错误位置多项式σ(x)的根.随着m增大,搜索次数或查找表容量以2的m次幂迅速增长,使求根过程的时间或空间开销大大增加.当m较大而σ(x)的次数较低时(如2或3),采用这些方法尤其不理想.为此研究了GF(2m)上2次错误位置多项式x2 ax b和3次错误位置多项式x3 ax2 bx c根的快速查表算法,该算法简化了前述多项式的原始求根表,理论分析表明它比直接查表法明显节省存储容量;比Chien搜索法明显加快求根速度.     

The coconut pathosystem: weed hosts of nymphs of the American palm Cixiid Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)

Lethal yellowing (LY) of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae) is a disease of economic importance that is caused by the phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae’ and is transmitted by the planthopper Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). This study explores the weeds used by H. crudus nymphs and other Cixiidae in a coconut pathosystem in southern Mexico. Nymphs were collected directly from the root system of each weed by hand or with the help of a vacuum after carefully opening the culm. This study included 11 species of weeds: nine Poaceae [Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, B. humidicola (Rendle) Schweick, B. mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, Digitaria abyssinica (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv., Leersia hexandra Sw., Panicum laxum Sw., P. maximum Jacq., Paspalum notatum Flüggé]; one Cyperaceae [Cyperus ligularis L.], and one Portulacaceae: [Portulaca pilosa L.]. Brachiaria mutica, E. petraea, B. humidicola, P. maximum were identified as the principal host species for H. crudus nymphs. Brachiaria decumbens, D. abyssinica, and C. ligularis are new host records for the nymphs of H. crudus. Additionally, it was found that H. crudus may coexist with its cogeners H. skarphion Kramer (Cixiidae) and H. caldwelli Kramer (Cixiidae), on B. mutica. On C. ligularis, H. crudus may coexist with Oecleus snowi Ball (Cixiidae) nymphs. These results suggest that in the coconut pathosystem there is a complex of multitrophic interactions that should be considered in integrated management of LY.     

基于近红外光谱技术的葵花籽品质分析

葵花籽作为国内需求量很大的油料作物,常用的化学检测方法虽然准确性高,但是时间久,破坏样本完整性,难以实现快速检测。为了研究近红外光谱法快速无损检测葵花籽中蛋白、脂肪及水分含量的准确性,本文使用454份葵花籽样本近红外光谱数据及蛋白质、水、脂肪三个含量信息为测试对象,随机选取其中383份作为测试集,71份作为验证集,对测试集使用不同的预处理方法之后分别进行PLS和BP神经网络建模,并通过验证集对模型进行预测分析。结果发现:(1)PLS模型预测中发现小波变换的预处理方法对蛋白质含量的预测最好RMSECV=0.343,RMSEP=0.296,小波变换的预处理方法对水分含量的预测最好RMSECV=0.299,RMSEP=0.354,标准化的预处理方法对脂肪含量的预测最好RMSECV=0.285, RMSEP=0.316;BP神经网络预测中一阶导数+均值中心化对蛋白质含量的预测最好RMSEP=0.341,一阶导数对水分含量的预测最好RMSEP=0.329,一阶导数+标准化对脂肪含量的预测最好RMSEP=0.312。(2)BP神经网络模型与PLS模型预测对比发现,PLS模型预测精度要高于BP神经网络模型。     

Ramet population ecology of Panicum virgatum in the field - Competitively random growth of ramets and foraging behavior of ramet populations

The authors investigated the heterogeneous size patterns and dynamic growth of the ramet population of Panicum virgatum, a clonal caespitose plant, limited to the space occupied by a ramet bunch and the time of the ramet yearly life cycle, to understand the ecology of clonal caespitose plants in the field, where the ramet bunch generally consisted of more than one genet. Dynamic life tables for ramet populations were established by the replacement of living ramets at the present time with "dead" ones in past time. These tables revealed stable coexisting patterns of isometric and allometric growing processes of ramets in mass and height respectively, which approximately followed the historic trajectory of a density-independent population. The ecology of clonal caespitose plants is further discussed based on the competitively random growth of ramet individuals, including the scale of foraging behavior. In the field, the ramet population ecol-ogy of switchgrass may be a statistical result of competitively random growth of ramet individuals. The foraging behavior of a ramet population could then be presented as a process in which ramet individuals competed with each other for light and grew randomly, whileat the same time a relatively stable dynamic growth pattern was apparent at the level of the ramet population, and the functional leaves were placed properly in time and space.     

并行工程在汽车制造行业设计开发中的应用

本文在分析汽车制造行业设计、开发过程特点的基础上 ,指出在汽车制造行业设计、开发过程中引入并行工程的必要性 ,并提出了一种基于虚拟样车、逆求工程及产品异地并行设计技术的并行工程开发系统 ,详细叙述了其系统结构及技术支撑     

同向泵浦喇曼光纤放大器的增益特性

为分析同向泵浦喇曼光纤放大器中各参量对增益的影响，根据同向耦合波方程导出了放大器输出端信号光的解析解，并给出了放大器增益的表达式。在参量取典型值的条件下，分析了光纤长度、初始信号光功率、初始泵浦光功率、光纤有效面积、拉曼增益系数等参量对放大器增益的影响，所得部分结果与文献的实验结果一致。根据各个参量对放大器增益的不同影响，可以优化放大器的增益特性，从而提高放大器的增益，进而提高其放大性能。