全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17702篇 |
免费 | 58篇 |
国内免费 | 87篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 74篇 |
丛书文集 | 121篇 |
教育与普及 | 45篇 |
理论与方法论 | 43篇 |
现状及发展 | 7455篇 |
研究方法 | 863篇 |
综合类 | 9047篇 |
自然研究 | 199篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 146篇 |
2012年 | 276篇 |
2011年 | 452篇 |
2009年 | 115篇 |
2008年 | 346篇 |
2007年 | 392篇 |
2006年 | 393篇 |
2005年 | 383篇 |
2004年 | 337篇 |
2003年 | 356篇 |
2002年 | 311篇 |
2001年 | 689篇 |
2000年 | 673篇 |
1999年 | 413篇 |
1994年 | 312篇 |
1992年 | 385篇 |
1991年 | 273篇 |
1990年 | 332篇 |
1989年 | 291篇 |
1988年 | 255篇 |
1987年 | 313篇 |
1986年 | 313篇 |
1985年 | 387篇 |
1984年 | 279篇 |
1983年 | 264篇 |
1982年 | 246篇 |
1981年 | 226篇 |
1980年 | 217篇 |
1979年 | 597篇 |
1978年 | 434篇 |
1977年 | 402篇 |
1976年 | 350篇 |
1975年 | 357篇 |
1974年 | 433篇 |
1973年 | 393篇 |
1972年 | 352篇 |
1971年 | 416篇 |
1970年 | 569篇 |
1969年 | 434篇 |
1968年 | 446篇 |
1967年 | 412篇 |
1966年 | 383篇 |
1965年 | 287篇 |
1959年 | 145篇 |
1958年 | 242篇 |
1957年 | 155篇 |
1956年 | 154篇 |
1955年 | 138篇 |
1954年 | 140篇 |
1948年 | 124篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
151.
A genome-wide association study for celiac disease identifies risk variants in the region harboring IL2 and IL21 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
van Heel DA Franke L Hunt KA Gwilliam R Zhernakova A Inouye M Wapenaar MC Barnardo MC Bethel G Holmes GK Feighery C Jewell D Kelleher D Kumar P Travis S Walters JR Sanders DS Howdle P Swift J Playford RJ McLaren WM Mearin ML Mulder CJ McManus R McGinnis R Cardon LR Deloukas P Wijmenga C 《Nature genetics》2007,39(7):827-829
We tested 310,605 SNPs for association in 778 individuals with celiac disease and 1,422 controls. Outside the HLA region, the most significant finding (rs13119723; P = 2.0 x 10(-7)) was in the KIAA1109-TENR-IL2-IL21 linkage disequilibrium block. We independently confirmed association in two further collections (strongest association at rs6822844, 24 kb 5' of IL21; meta-analysis P = 1.3 x 10(-14), odds ratio = 0.63), suggesting that genetic variation in this region predisposes to celiac disease. 相似文献
152.
Association scan of 14,500 nonsynonymous SNPs in four diseases identifies autoimmunity variants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium;Australo-Anglo-American Spondylitis Consortium 《Nature genetics》2007,39(11):1329-1337
We have genotyped 14,436 nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) and 897 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tag SNPs from 1,000 independent cases of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and breast cancer (BC). Comparing these data against a common control dataset derived from 1,500 randomly selected healthy British individuals, we report initial association and independent replication in a North American sample of two new loci related to ankylosing spondylitis, ARTS1 and IL23R, and confirmation of the previously reported association of AITD with TSHR and FCRL3. These findings, enabled in part by increased statistical power resulting from the expansion of the control reference group to include individuals from the other disease groups, highlight notable new possibilities for autoimmune regulation and suggest that IL23R may be a common susceptibility factor for the major 'seronegative' diseases. 相似文献
153.
154.
RNA polymerase is poised for activation across the genome 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Muse GW Gilchrist DA Nechaev S Shah R Parker JS Grissom SF Zeitlinger J Adelman K 《Nature genetics》2007,39(12):1507-1511
155.
Evolutionary conservation in myoblast fusion 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Krauss RS 《Nature genetics》2007,39(6):704-705
156.
Blasig IE Winkler L Lassowski B Mueller SL Zuleger N Krause E Krause G Gast K Kolbe M Piontek J 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2006,63(4):505-514
Tight junctions seal intercellular clefts via membrane-related strands, hence, maintaining important organ functions. We investigated
the self-association of strand-forming transmembrane tight junction proteins. The regulatory tight junction protein occludin
was differently tagged and cotransfected in eucaryotic cells. These occludins colocalized within the plasma membrane of the
same cell, coprecipitated and exhibited fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Differently tagged strand-forming claudin-5
also colocalized in the plasma membrane of the same cell and showed fluorescence resonance energy transfer. This demonstrates
self-association in intact cells both of occludin and claudin-5 in one plasma membrane. In search of dimerizing regions of
occludin, dimerization of its cytosolic C-terminal coiledcoil domain was identified. In claudin-5, the second extracellular
loop was detected as a dimer. Since the transmembrane junctional adhesion molecule also is known to dimerize, the assumption
that homodimerization of transmembrane tight junction proteins may serve as a common structural feature in tight junction
assembly is supported.
Received 6 October 2005; received after revision 14 December 2005; accepted 27 December 2005
†These authors contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
157.
Huntington’s disease: from huntingtin function and dysfunction to therapeutic strategies 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Borrell-Pagès M Zala D Humbert S Saudou F 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2006,63(22):2642-2660
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that usually starts in middle age and is characterized by involuntary
movements (chorea), personality changes and dementia, leading to death within 10–20 years. The defective gene in HD contains
a trinucleotide CAG repeat expansion within its coding region that expresses a polyglutamine repeat in the protein huntingtin.
Together with the characteristic formation of aggregates in HD, aberrant protein interactions and several post-translational
modifications affect huntingtin during disease progression and lead to the dysfunction and death of selective neurons in the
brains of patients. The exact molecular mechanisms by which mutant huntingtin induces cell death are not completely understood
but may involve the gain of new toxic functions and the loss of the beneficial properties of huntingtin. This review focuses
on the cellular functions in which huntingtin is involved and how a better understanding of pathogenic pathways can lead to
new therapeutic approaches.
Received 24 May 2006; received after revision 5 July 2006; accepted 23 August 2006 相似文献
158.
Increasing evidence implies altered signaling through the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB in promoting tumor formation
and metastasis. TrkB, sometimes in conjunction with its primary ligand BDNF, is often overexpressed in a variety of human
cancers, ranging from neuroblastomas to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, in which it may allow tumor expansion and contribute
to resistance to anti-tumor agents. In vitro, TrkB acts as a potent suppressor of anoikis (detachment-induced apoptosis), which is associated with the acquisition of
an aggressive tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype in vivo. In view of its predicted contribution to tumorigenicity and metastasis in humans, TrkB corresponds to a potential drug target,
and preclinical models have already been established. The encouraging results of pharmacological Trk inhibitors in tumor xenograft
models suggest that TrkB inhibition may represent a promising novel anti-tumor therapeutic strategy. This hypothesis is currently
being evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we will discuss the latest developments on TrkB in these contexts as well as highlight
some critical questions that remain to be addressed for evaluating TrkB as a therapeutic target in cancer.
Received 12 October 2005; received after revision 19 December 2005; accepted 11 January 2006 相似文献
159.
New Giemsa method for the differential staining of sister chromatids 总被引:127,自引:0,他引:127
160.
Expression of lysine-rich protein gene and analysis of lysine content in transgenic wheat 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
MENGChaomin CHENXuqing LIANGRongqi YANGFengping ZHANGLiquan ZHANGXiaodong CHENTianyou S.S.M.Sun 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(19):2053-2057
Expression vector pBPC102, which carries winged bean lysine-rich protein (wblrp) gene and dihydropicolinate synthase (DHDPS) gene, was transferred into hexaploid winter wheat cv. Jinghua No.l, Jing411, You899 and Yangnongl5 explants of immature inflorescence and immature embryos by particle bombardment. More than 100 transgenic plants were obtained under the selection of s-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC). Confirmed transgenic plants of To and TI generation by PCR and PCR-Southern blotting analyses showed successful integration of wblrp gene into wheat genome. Analysis of transgenic plant lines of T2 by Northern dot-blotting showed good expression of wblrp gene in offspring seed. The content of free lysine in leaves, contents of bound lysine and total proteins in seeds of T2 transgenie wheat lines were determined and analyzed. Among 34 tested transgenic lines, levels of free lysine content in leaves of 9 transgenic lines are 2~3times higher than un-trans-formed wild-type cultivars. Among 17 analyzed transgenic lines, bound lysine content of 4 transgenic lines is more than 10% higher than that of wild-type cultivars. Our research suggests that introducing wblrp gene into wheat is an effective way to improve its nutrition quality. 相似文献