Migration of lymphoid cells to the bone marrow of rat following eradication of cells in DNA synthesis and in mitosis

Summary Eradication of replicating bone marrow cells of rat by means of combined administration of single doses of hydroxyurea and vinblastin is followed within 9–10 h by an inflow of lymphoid cells of extramedullary origin in the range of 13,200,000/femur. The rat bone marrow with a high content of lymphoid cells was previously shown to be concentrated in stem cells. The factor(s) which convey the information of decrease of replicating marrow cells to extramedullary sites is at present unknown.Acknowledgment. This study was supported by a grant from the Chief Scientist Office, Ministry of Health, Israel.Hydroxyurea for this investigation was given as a gift by the Squibb Institute of Medical Research, Princeton, N.J. USA, to which the authors are indebted.     

Age-dependent response of lactate dehydrogenase of pituitary of rat to testosterone

Summary The effects of time and various doses of testosterone on the responsiveness of lactate dehydrogenase of pituitary of 7-, 38- and 78-week-old rats were studied. The activity of the enzyme increases in 78-week-old rats. Castration decreases the enzyme activity at all ages. Maximum increase in the enzyme activity is seen with 50 and 100 g of testosterone 4 h after administration of hormone to castrated rats. No further time and dose-dependent effect is observed. The magnitude of increase for the enzyme is higher at the age of 38 weeks and decreases in 78-week-old rats.To whom all correspondence should be addressed. The authors are grateful to Professor M.S. Kanungo, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University for the suggestions and encouragement. K.V.G. thanks the PL-480 for a research fellowship.     

Degradation of ribosomal RNA from Escherichia coli by ribonuclease U2 and in vitro transcription of "RNA-fragments" into complementary DNA]

Under well defined conditions ribosomal RNAs purified from Escherichia coli can be degraded by ribonuclease U2 giving rise to RNA fragments of 60--70 nucleotides. In vitro, these fragments are efficiently transcribed into a complementary DNA by DNA polymerase RNA dependent, partially purified from extracts of E. coli. In vivo, "RNA-fragments-U2" inhibit the development of plant tumors.     

Demonstration of generators of the locomotor and respiration rhythms in the cervico-thoracic spinal cord of rabbits

In curarized Rabbits whose cervico-thoracic cord has been isolated through C2 and Th12 transections, a pharmacological activation (nialamide-DOPA) disclosed distinct rhythmic efferent activities, locomotor-like bursts in forelimb muscle nerves and "respiratory" discharges in the phrenic nerves: they originate respectively from a cervico-thoracic locomotion generator and from a "respiration" generator; these spinal generators appear to be interconnected with each other.     

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in differentiation of duodenal epithelium of fetal rats in organ culture

Summary Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in the differentiation of duodenal epithelium of fetal rats was investigated by recombination experiments in vitro. The proportion of goblet cells in duodenal epithelium was significantly greater on recombination of developing duodenal epithelium with mesenchyme of the glandular stomach than on recombination with that of the duodenum. Mesenchyme of the glandular stomach or forestomach was better than duodenal mesenchyme in supporting morphogenesis of duodenal epithelium. Treatment of tissues with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) did not affect these tissue interactions.This work was supported by grants-in-aid for cancer research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan.Acknowledgment. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Prof. T. Mizuno of the University of Tokyo for valuable suggestions.     

A selective concentration-dependent dysrhythmogenic and antidysrhythmic action of prostaglandins E2, F2α and I2 (prostacyclin) on isolated rat hearts

Summary Prostaglandins (PGs) E₂, F₂, and I₂ were examined for their effects on the electrical and mechanical activities of isolated rat, rabbit and guinea-pig hearts. All PGs produced dysrhythmias in rat hearts at low concentrations only, while higher concentrations were antiarrhythmic. Guinea-pig hearts were less responsive while rabbit hearts were completely resistant.We thank the Manitoba Heart Foundation for financial support and Dr J. Pike (Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) for gifts of prostaglandins. Dr M. Karmazyn is a Fellow of the Canadian Heart Foundation.     

The induction of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes by negative π-mesons under conditions of anoxia and oxygenation

Summary After a dose of 3.0 Gy in the peak position of the pion depth-dose curve, the ratios between observed chromosome aberration yields under conditions of oxygenation and of anoxia were obtained for lymphocytes exposed at 3 depths in a plastic phantom. These ratios were 3.7, 1.9 and 1.3 in the plateau, peak and post-peak positions, respectively, suggesting a corresponding decrease in the oxygen enhancement ratio.Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Dr D.H. Reading, Mr M.A. Hynes and Mr W. Spinks for their assistance at the Rutherford Laboratory's -II beam line. This work was partly supported by Euratom Contract 171-76-1 BIO-UK.     

Age-related differences in the urinary excretion of prostaglandin F2α catabolites in the rat

Summary Tritium-labelled PGF₂ was administered i.v. into rats of varying ages (2, 4, 6 weeks and adult). Urine was collected and assayed for radioactive products by thin-layer-chromatography. Results showed a distinctly different urinary profile between the 2-week-old and the adult rat. While the urinary pattern from the 2-week-old rat gave a single less polar product than PGF₂, the pattern from the adult rat gave products more polar than PGF₂. Urine from the 4- and 6-week-old rats gave a mixture of these types of products. These results indicate that some prostaglandin catabolic pathway (likely the -oxidative system) is activated in vivo within the 4–6-week postnatal period in the rat.Supported by a grant (MT-4181) to C.P.-A. from the Medical Research Council of Canada.This study is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Ph.D. degree in the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto.     

Active site structural change of α-chymotrypsin due to 2-halogeno-ethanols; comparison with ethanol, 1-propanol,and urea

Summary 2-Halogeno-ethanols change the active site structure of -chymotrypsin more rapidly and effectively than ethanol, 1-propanol and urea, probably before producing an extensive conformation change.