全文获取类型
收费全文 | 30348篇 |
免费 | 96篇 |
国内免费 | 119篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 139篇 |
丛书文集 | 224篇 |
教育与普及 | 70篇 |
理论与方法论 | 94篇 |
现状及发展 | 12258篇 |
研究方法 | 1287篇 |
综合类 | 15999篇 |
自然研究 | 492篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 273篇 |
2012年 | 427篇 |
2011年 | 915篇 |
2010年 | 190篇 |
2008年 | 521篇 |
2007年 | 635篇 |
2006年 | 621篇 |
2005年 | 603篇 |
2004年 | 559篇 |
2003年 | 566篇 |
2002年 | 524篇 |
2001年 | 1150篇 |
2000年 | 1114篇 |
1999年 | 647篇 |
1994年 | 343篇 |
1992年 | 622篇 |
1991年 | 473篇 |
1990年 | 542篇 |
1989年 | 521篇 |
1988年 | 472篇 |
1987年 | 490篇 |
1986年 | 529篇 |
1985年 | 614篇 |
1984年 | 484篇 |
1983年 | 447篇 |
1982年 | 404篇 |
1981年 | 385篇 |
1980年 | 396篇 |
1979年 | 1003篇 |
1978年 | 756篇 |
1977年 | 697篇 |
1976年 | 598篇 |
1975年 | 638篇 |
1974年 | 838篇 |
1973年 | 694篇 |
1972年 | 677篇 |
1971年 | 838篇 |
1970年 | 1096篇 |
1969年 | 782篇 |
1968年 | 833篇 |
1967年 | 736篇 |
1966年 | 716篇 |
1965年 | 513篇 |
1959年 | 265篇 |
1958年 | 447篇 |
1957年 | 302篇 |
1956年 | 254篇 |
1955年 | 241篇 |
1954年 | 236篇 |
1948年 | 204篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
881.
王虹 《西安联合大学学报》2002,5(1):107-108
不同的物种是怎样进化形成不同的形态 ,这仍是现代进化生物学中研究的主要课题。近年来 ,对这一问题的研究已集中在由于进化时间的不同而导致进化机制变化的模型上 ,并在解开机体发育期间控制形态表现的分子机理方面取得了惊人的进展。值得注意的是 :形态的表型和一些调节基因的突变大致反映了物种间所表现的差异。通过分析生物的系统发育 ,重新构建系统发育史 ,可以阐明控制发育过程和进化发育的相关时间的遗传网络的分子进化机制。与系统发育进化有关的信息影印在组成它们的基因片段上。存在于这些发育位点的信息可以使人们追踪到发育调节… 相似文献
882.
早-中元古代Columbia超级大陆研究进展 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
地球在过去25亿年里曾发生过几次全球性大规模碰撞造山事件(如 Grenville事件,Pan-African事件等);地质学家由此推测大陆块自早元古代以来曾发生过周期性拼合和分离,从而导致古超级大陆的形成和裂解[1].在过去10年里(1991~2001年),被认为由约1.0 Ga Grenville造山事件所形成的超级大陆Rodinia已成为古大陆重建的一个热点[2,3].然而,地质学家们在重建Rodinia 过程中发现,并非全部Rodinia组成陆块都是由Grenville造山带所焊接,而 相似文献
883.
青藏高原北羌塘新生代火山岩黑云母地球化学及其岩石学意义 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分析了北羌塘半岛湖新第三纪玻基粗面安山岩中黑云母的常量、微量及稀土元素特征.结果表明,黑云母均属钛铁黑云母类,富集大离子亲石元素Ba以及Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Co,Ni等铁族元素,而相对亏损Th,U,Pb等亲石元素.轻稀土强烈富集,轻重稀土分异显著,但Eu亏损并不严重,暗示原始岩浆来源于一个基性岩质的、相当于榴辉岩矿物相(斜长石相缺失)的源区类型. 相似文献
884.
目的是将用于测量片状试样的热扩散率的激光闪光法推广至测量薄膜试样。应用 1 5纳秒脉冲 Nd:YAG激光及响应时间 0 .9微秒的 (Hg,Cd) Te红外探测器等建立了闪光法热扩散率测量系统 ,并应用此系统对微米量级厚度的不锈钢薄膜进行了测量。同时针对将激光闪光法应用于薄膜时所出现的问题 ,如激光的有限脉冲时间及有限吸收厚度效应 ,测量系统的滞后效应 ,以及增强红外吸收及辐射用表面黑化膜的影响进行了分析并提出了解决方法 相似文献
885.
Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. 总被引:64,自引:0,他引:64
Karim S Echtay Damien Roussel Julie St-Pierre Mika B Jekabsons Susana Cadenas Jeff A Stuart James A Harper Stephen J Roebuck Alastair Morrison Susan Pickering John C Clapham Martin D Brand 《Nature》2002,415(6867):96-99
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) diverts energy from ATP synthesis to thermogenesis in the mitochondria of brown adipose tissue by catalysing a regulated leak of protons across the inner membrane. The functions of its homologues, UCP2 and UCP3, in other tissues are debated. UCP2 and UCP3 are present at much lower abundance than UCP1, and the uncoupling with which they are associated is not significantly thermogenic. Mild uncoupling would, however, decrease the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, which are important mediators of oxidative damage. Here we show that superoxide increases mitochondrial proton conductance through effects on UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3. Superoxide-induced uncoupling requires fatty acids and is inhibited by purine nucleotides. It correlates with the tissue expression of UCPs, appears in mitochondria from yeast expressing UCP1, and is absent in skeletal muscle mitochondria from UCP3 knockout mice. Our findings indicate that the interaction of superoxide with UCPs may be a mechanism for decreasing the concentrations of reactive oxygen species inside mitochondria. 相似文献
886.
Nitrogen loss from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds. 总被引:54,自引:0,他引:54
Conceptual and numerical models of nitrogen cycling in temperate forests assume that nitrogen is lost from these ecosystems predominantly by way of inorganic forms, such as nitrate and ammonium ions. Of these, nitrate is thought to be particularly mobile, being responsible for nitrogen loss to deep soil and stream waters. But human activities-such as fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer production and land-use change-have substantially altered the nitrogen cycle over large regions, making it difficult to separate natural aspects of nitrogen cycling from those induced by human perturbations. Here we report stream chemistry data from 100 unpolluted primary forests in temperate South America. Although the sites exhibit a broad range of environmental factors that influence ecosystem nutrient cycles (such as climate, parent material, time of ecosystem development, topography and biotic diversity), we observed a remarkably consistent pattern of nitrogen loss across all forests. In contrast to findings from forests in polluted regions, streamwater nitrate concentrations are exceedingly low, such that nitrate to ammonium ratios were less than unity, and dissolved organic nitrogen is responsible for the majority of nitrogen losses from these forests. We therefore suggest that organic nitrogen losses should be considered in models of forest nutrient cycling, which could help to explain observations of nutrient limitation in temperate forest ecosystems. 相似文献
887.
Microbial desulfurization of fuel oil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ping Xu Fuli Li Jian Yu Cuiqing Ma Jianjiang Zhong Yinbo Qu H. D. Blankespoor 《科学通报(英文版)》2002,47(5):365-369
Culture conditions of desulfurization microbes were investigated with a bioreactor controlled by computer.Factors such as pH, choice of carbon source, optimal concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur sources were determined. The addition of carbon in a culture with a constant pH greatly improved the growth of Rhodococcus. Cells and cell debris from microbes rested using a sulfur- specific pathway were used to desulfurize diesel oil treated by hydrodesulfurization (acquired from the Research Institute of Fushun Petroleum with total sulfur level at 205 μg/mL).Strains 1awq, IG, X7B, ZT, ZCR, and a mixture of No. 5 and No. 6, were used in the biodesulfurization process. The reduction of total sulfur was between 10.6% and 90.3%. 相似文献
888.
顾成扬 《淮阴师范学院学报(自然科学版)》2002,1(3):6-9
本文给出完全图Kn和完全多部图Kn(t)存在{C3, S4}-强制分解的充分必要条件. 相似文献
889.
Sox9 induces testis development in XX transgenic mice. 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Mutations in SOX9 are associated with male-to-female sex reversal in humans. To analyze Sox9 function during sex determination, we ectopically expressed this gene in XX gonads. Here, we show that Sox9 is sufficient to induce testis formation in mice, indicating that it can substitute for the sex-determining gene Sry. 相似文献
890.