Changes in body temperature and circulating levels of interleukin-6 after intra-arterial injections or infusions of tumor necrosis factor α in guinea pigs

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is released systematically during the early phase of endotoxin induced fever. To study the effects of this cytokine in guinea pigs, 2 g TNF were intra-arterially injected as a bolus or slowly infused within 60 min. Both modes of administration induced a biphasic elevation of the animals' abdominal temperature lasting 6 h and stimulated the release of endogenous interleukin-6 (IL-6)-like activity. The second phase of the thermal response and the release of endogenous IL-6-like activity were significantly higher, when TNF was slowly infused into the animals' circulation, in spite of a transiently higher TNF-like activity after the bolus injection of TNF. Both TNF and IL-6 may therefore be regarded as candidates to trigger the febrile response in guinea pigs.     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长组长7油层组致密砂岩沉积特征

陇东地区是鄂尔多斯盆地致密油的重要产区之一,砂体成因类型包括砂质碎屑流、浊流和滑塌。针对陇东地区长7油层组,利用X井长7全井段取心资料,分别开展了厘米级砂体成因解释(小尺度)、不同成因(期次)砂体组合解释(中尺度)和测井相解释(大尺度)。通过厘米级砂体成因解释,识别砂质碎屑流成因砂体366层,单层厚度以0.3 m以下居多;识别浊流成因砂体225层,单层厚度以0.1 m以下居多;识别滑塌成因砂体91层,单层厚度以0.15 m以下居多。通过不同成因(期次)砂体组合划分,识别砂质碎屑流成因砂体共106层,浊流成因砂体共37层,滑塌成因砂体共38层。通过测井相组合解释,砂质碎屑流成因砂体厚度范围是0.6~6.03 m,浊流成因砂体厚度范围是0.6~6.14 m,滑塌成因砂体厚度范围是0.46~1.26 m.从各尺度砂体类型(或组合)厚度和层数2方面综合分析,砂质碎屑流成因砂体是长7主要的的砂体类型。各类型砂体的发育规律与中期基准面有较好的响应关系,砂质碎屑流成因砂体在中期基准面上升早期和下降晚期发育程度最高,浊流成因砂体在中期基准面上升早期-下降早期发育程度较好,滑塌成因砂体在中期基准面上升早期和晚期较发育。     

Libri Britannici

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高精度飞行仿真转台的鲁棒自适应控制

针对高精度直流伺服系统,提出一种基于Lyapunov直接法的鲁棒模型参考自适应控制方法.在算法中,通过调节增益系数,以适应系统中参数的变化,通过引入鲁棒补偿项,实现对摩擦环节的补偿,使得在具有参数不确定性和未知非线性摩擦特性的情况下,跟踪误差渐进收敛于零.并以三轴转台为例,进行了数值仿真,其结果表明该方法的有效性和鲁棒性.     

Action of brefeldin A blocked by activation of a pertussis-toxin-sensitive G protein.

In many mammalian cells brefeldin A interferes with mechanisms that keep the Golgi appartus separate from the endoplasmic reticulum. The earliest effect of brefeldin A is release of the coat protein beta-COP from the Golgi. This release is blocked by pretreatment with GTP-gamma S or AlF4- (ref. 12). The AlF4- ion activates heterotrimeric G proteins but not proteins of the ras superfamily, suggesting that a heterotrimeric G protein might control membrane transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. We report here that mastoparan, a peptide that activates heterotrimeric G proteins, promotes binding of beta-COP to Golgi membranes in vitro and antagonizes the effect of brefeldin A on beta-COP in perforated cells and on isolated Golgi membranes. This inhibition is greatly diminished if cells are pretreated with pertussis toxin before perforation. Thus, a heterotrimeric G protein of the Gi/Go subfamily regulates association of coat components with Golgi membranes.     

Winter survey of raptors with notes on avian scavengers in northwestern Colorado

Winter populations of raptors and scavengers were surveyed along 175 km of rural roads in Moffat County, northwestern Colorado. The survey began in 1988 and is currently continuing. Over the 7 yr of the survey reported here, we found Golden Eagles in high abundance (￣ x = 5.8 km/eagle) compared to most studies in similar habitat. Bald Eagles were less abundant, but increasing compared to 20 yr earlier. American Rough-legged Hawks were in low abundance, probably due to the predominance of sagebrush habitat along the route. Northern Ravens were seen in low numbers in 4 yr. American Crows were seen in 2 yr. Black-billed Magpies were nearly as abundant (￣ x = 6.5 km/magpie) as Golden Eagles and often scavenged with them. Magpie and Golden Eagle numbers were significantly correlated over the years of study. We conclude that northwestern Colorado is a significant overwintering area for Golden Eagles.     

Impact of caloric restriction on health and survival in rhesus monkeys from the NIA study

Calorie restriction (CR), a reduction of 10–40% in intake of a nutritious diet, is often reported as the most robust non-genetic mechanism to extend lifespan and healthspan. CR is frequently used as a tool to understand mechanisms behind ageing and age-associated diseases. In addition to and independently of increasing lifespan, CR has been reported to delay or prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases in a variety of animals. Beneficial effects of CR on outcomes such as immune function, motor coordination and resistance to sarcopenia in rhesus monkeys have recently been reported. We report here that a CR regimen implemented in young and older age rhesus monkeys at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) has not improved survival outcomes. Our findings contrast with an ongoing study at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), which reported improved survival associated with 30% CR initiated in adult rhesus monkeys (7–14?years) and a preliminary report with a small number of CR monkeys. Over the years, both NIA and WNPRC have extensively documented beneficial health effects of CR in these two apparently parallel studies. The implications of the WNPRC findings were important as they extended CR findings beyond the laboratory rodent and to a long-lived primate. Our study suggests a separation between health effects, morbidity and mortality, and similar to what has been shown in rodents, study design, husbandry and diet composition may strongly affect the life-prolonging effect of CR in a long-lived nonhuman primate.