Analytical Algorithms for the Blend Ratios by Fibre-bundle Tensile Curves Part I. Typical Tensile Curve and the Strength and Work Methods

The blend ratio and tensile properties are vital important characteristics of blended fibre bundles. Fibre-bundle tensile behaviour has been measured by means of the Sirolan-Tensor in order to derive a typical specific stress - extension curve. According to the typical tensile curve, the relationships between the blend ratio and the tensile parameters are discussed and established. Two new algorithms, so-called the strength method and the work method, have been developed for the blend-ratio estimation of blended fibre bundles. The relevant blend-ratios and calculations of the two methods are defined in detail. Also, the characteristics have been explained for every calculation and compared to each others. The experimental results show that the blend ratios estimated from the theoretical methods are high coincidence with the measured results. Meanwhile, the specific stress -- extension curve of blended fibre bundles depends directly on the blend ratios of the fibre bundles,     

Analytical Algorithms for the Blend Ratios by Fibre-bundle Tensile Curves Part Ⅱ: Calculations of the Modulus Method and the Percentage Method

IntroductionTheblendratioofyarnsandfabricscanbemeasuredbyfibresolution[1,2 ] ,imageanalysisofmicroscopy[3 ,4] ,infraredspectroscopy[5,6] ,X raydiffraction[7,8] ,thermo analyses[9] andothermethods[10 ,11,12 ] .However ,thetensiletestsofsinglefibresorfibreassembliesarethenecessaryandthemost popularmeasurementintextileprocessingand qualitycontrol[13 ,14 ] .Thereisevidentrelationshipbetweenthetensile propertiesandtheblendratioofblendedfibreassemblies[15,16,17] .Therefore ,whynottopredicttheblendr…     

Naturalistic experience transforms sensory maps in the adult cortex of caged animals

Much of what is known about the functional organization and plasticity of adult sensory cortex is derived from animals housed in standard laboratory cages. Here we report that the transfer of adult rats reared in standard laboratory cages to a naturalistic habitat modifies the functional and morphological organization of the facial whisker representation in the somatosensory 'barrel' cortex. Cortical whisker representations, visualized with repeated intrinsic signal optical imaging in the same animals, contracted by 46% after four to six weeks of exposure to the naturalistic habitat. Acute, multi-site extracellular recordings demonstrated suppressed evoked neuronal responses and smaller, sharper constituent receptive fields in the upper cortical layers (II/III), but not in the thalamic recipient layer (IV), of rats with naturalistic experience. Morphological plasticity of the layer IV barrel field was observed, but on a substantially smaller scale than the functional plasticity. Thus, transferring animals to an environment that promotes the expression of natural, innate behaviours induces a large-scale functional refinement of cortical sensory maps.     

Programmed population control by cell-cell communication and regulated killing

De novo engineering of gene circuits inside cells is extremely difficult, and efforts to realize predictable and robust performance must deal with noise in gene expression and variation in phenotypes between cells. Here we demonstrate that by coupling gene expression to cell survival and death using cell-cell communication, we can programme the dynamics of a population despite variability in the behaviour of individual cells. Specifically, we have built and characterized a 'population control' circuit that autonomously regulates the density of an Escherichia coli population. The cell density is broadcasted and detected by elements from a bacterial quorum-sensing system, which in turn regulate the death rate. As predicted by a simple mathematical model, the circuit can set a stable steady state in terms of cell density and gene expression that is easily tunable by varying the stability of the cell-cell communication signal. This circuit incorporates a mechanism for programmed death in response to changes in the environment, and allows us to probe the design principles of its more complex natural counterparts.     

Effect of Testing Conditions on Fibre-Bundle Tensile Properties Part Ⅰ: Sample Preparation, Bundle Mass and Fibre Alignment of Wool Bundles

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｉｂｒｅｂｕｎｄｌｅｔｅｎｓｉｌｅｔｅｓｔｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄａｎｄｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｉｓｅｄｆｏｒｃｏｔｔｏｎｆｉｂｒｅｓ[1,2 ] .Ｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｗａｓｔｏｇｉｖｅａｒａｐｉｄｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｍｅａｎｆｉｂｒｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｗｈｉｃｈａｖｏｉｄｓｔｈｅｎｅｃｅｓ ｓｉｔｙｏｆｍｅａｓｕｒｉｎｇａｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｉｎｇｌｅｆｉｂｒｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｆｉｂｒｅｂｕｎｄｌｅｔｅｓｔｅｒｗａｓｌａｔｅｒｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｗｏｏｌｆ…     

Effect of Testing Conditions on Fibre-Bundle Tensile Properties Part Ⅰ: Sample Preparation, Bundle Mass and Fibre Alignment of Wool Bundles

Due to the effects of samples and testing conditions on fibre-bundle tensile behaviour, it is necessary to investigate the relationships between experimental factors and tensile properties for the fibre-bumdle tensile tester (TENSOR). The effects of bundle sample preparation, fibre bundle mass and fibre alignment have been tested. The experimental results indicated that (1) the low damage in combing and no free-end fibres in the cut bundle are most important for the sample preparation; (2) the reasonable bundle mass is 400- 700tex, but the tensile properties measured should bemodified with the bundle mass because a small amount of bundle mass causes the scatter results, while the larger is the bundle mass, the more difficult to comb fibres parallel and to clamp fibre evenly; and (3) the fibre irregular arrangement forms a slack bundle resulting in interaction between fibres, which will affect the reproducibility and accuracy of the tensile testing.     

Prickle of Light-Weight Worsted Woven Wool Fabrics

Introduction Manypeopleexperienceapricklesensationwhentheywearsomewoolgarments.Itwaspreviouslythoughtthatthi pricklesensationmayhavebeentheresultofanallergyto wool.However,thestudyofGarnsworthyetalshowedtha theprickleevokedbywoolfabricwasnotderivedfroman allergytowool.Ratherthecauseoffabric evokedpricklewa themechanicalexcitationofskin painreceptorsfromthe coarsefiberendsprotrudingfromthefabricsurface[1].Thei studyalsoshowedthatinsomefabrics,fibersprotrudingfrom thesurface,whichwereabletosu…     

添加石灰处理纯碱烧结法赤泥的研究

论述了用石灰烧结法处理纯碱烧结法赤泥的研究，考查了钙比，烧结温度，烧结时间对氧化铝溶出率的影响。实验结果表明，石灰烧结法处理纯碱烧结法赤泥的最佳条件为：钙比2．25，烧结温度为1200，烧结时阃为40min．