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81.
Violina A. Cocalia John D. Holbrey Keith E. Gutowski Nicholas J. Bridges Robin D. Rogers 《清华大学学报》2006,11(2):188-193
Introduction Ionic liquids (ILs) are proving to be increasingly inter-esting fluids for application in soft-matter materialssystems from electrochemistry to energetic materialsand are also studied as potential solvents in separationprocesses[1-19]. Proper… 相似文献
82.
Joron M Frezal L Jones RT Chamberlain NL Lee SF Haag CR Whibley A Becuwe M Baxter SW Ferguson L Wilkinson PA Salazar C Davidson C Clark R Quail MA Beasley H Glithero R Lloyd C Sims S Jones MC Rogers J Jiggins CD ffrench-Constant RH 《Nature》2011,477(7363):203-206
Supergenes are tight clusters of loci that facilitate the co-segregation of adaptive variation, providing integrated control of complex adaptive phenotypes. Polymorphic supergenes, in which specific combinations of traits are maintained within a single population, were first described for 'pin' and 'thrum' floral types in Primula and Fagopyrum, but classic examples are also found in insect mimicry and snail morphology. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms that generate these co-adapted gene sets, as well as the mode of limiting the production of unfit recombinant forms, remains a substantial challenge. Here we show that individual wing-pattern morphs in the polymorphic mimetic butterfly Heliconius numata are associated with different genomic rearrangements at the supergene locus P. These rearrangements tighten the genetic linkage between at least two colour-pattern loci that are known to recombine in closely related species, with complete suppression of recombination being observed in experimental crosses across a 400-kilobase interval containing at least 18 genes. In natural populations, notable patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) are observed across the entire P region. The resulting divergent haplotype clades and inversion breakpoints are found in complete association with wing-pattern morphs. Our results indicate that allelic combinations at known wing-patterning loci have become locked together in a polymorphic rearrangement at the P locus, forming a supergene that acts as a simple switch between complex adaptive phenotypes found in sympatry. These findings highlight how genomic rearrangements can have a central role in the coexistence of adaptive phenotypes involving several genes acting in concert, by locally limiting recombination and gene flow. 相似文献
83.
Mary Anne Rogers 《西北部美国博物学家》2011,51(2)
Geographic and nongeographic variation in morphology was examined in Thomomys townsendii . A univariate analysis of external and cranial characters from a large population sample (66 adults; fusion of cranial sutures used as aging criteria) was used to assess variation among three adult age classes and between sexes. Only minor variation is apparent among age classes; however, sexual dimorphism is pronounced. Univariate and multivariate techniques were used to analyze external and cranial measurements and pelage characters for adults throughout the species range. These analyses show little to support the seven subspecific designations recognized by Davis (1937). The general pattern is one of homogeneity throughout the range of Thomomys townsendii . With the possible exception of T. t. nevadensis samples, current subspecies are not defined as morphological units. In fact, differentiation is found among populations within some subspecies. The most apparent pattern seen in these analyses is the divergence between the Humboldt River (including Honey Lake Valley samples) and Snake River systems. These results will be considered with those of a companion paper on the genetic variation in this species to more adequately assess the patterns of differentiation in Thomomys townsendii . 相似文献
84.
Christopher W. Brownlee Gregory C. Rogers 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2013,70(6):1021-1034
Centrosomes are organelles involved in generating and organizing the interphase microtubule cytoskeleton, mitotic spindles and cilia. At the centrosome core are a pair of centrioles, structures that act as the duplicating elements of this organelle. Centrioles function to recruit and organize pericentriolar material which nucleates microtubules. While centrioles are relatively simple in construction, the mechanics of centriole biogenesis remain an important yet poorly understood process. More mysterious still are the regulatory mechanisms that oversee centriole assembly. The fidelity of centriole duplication is critical as defects in either the assembly or number of centrioles promote aneuploidy, primary microcephaly, birth defects, ciliopathies and tumorigenesis. In addition, some pathogens employ mechanisms to promote centriole overduplication to the detriment of the host cell. This review summarizes our current understanding of this important topic, highlighting the need for further study if new therapeutics are to be developed to treat diseases arising from defects of centrosome duplication. 相似文献
85.
Single amino acid substitutions in influenza haemagglutinin change receptor binding specificity 总被引:63,自引:0,他引:63
The haemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins of influenza virus membranes are responsible for binding viruses to cells by interacting with membrane receptor molecules which contain sialic acid (for review see ref. 1). This interaction is known to vary in detailed specificity for different influenza viruses (see, for example, refs 2-4) and we have attempted to identify the sialic acid binding site of the haemagglutinin by comparing the amino acid sequences of haemagglutinins with different binding specificities. We present here evidence that haemagglutinins which differ in recognizing either NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal- or NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6Gal- linkages in glycoproteins also differ at amino acid 226 of HA1. This residue is located in a pocket on the distal tip of the molecule, an area previously proposed from considerations of the three-dimensional structure of the haemagglutinin to be involved in receptor binding. 相似文献
86.
87.
A. J. Barnicoat W. G. van't Hoff P. J. Morrison H. J. Rogers 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1981,37(12):1290-1291
Summary The inferior in vivo efficacy of salicyl hydroxamic acid against trypanosomiasis may be explained by its short half-life, high degree of protein binding and low tissue levels. 相似文献
88.
Zusammenfassung Eine enzymatische, spektrophotometrische Bestimmungsmethode für Dihydroorotsäure im Urin und Serum wird beschrieben. 相似文献
89.
Summary The incorporation of3H-thymidine by Concanavalin A-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro is inhibited by the presence of folate or folinate in the culture medium in a concentration-dependent manner. 相似文献
90.
E. S. Higgins W. H. Friend K. S. Rogers 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1978,34(5):578-579
Summary Induction of hepatic steatosis and suppression of hepatic ATP levels, protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis subsequent to administration of ethionine may be consequences of interference by this compound with mitochondrial phosphorylation of ADP. The mitochondrial dysfunction is not a direct action of ethionine on the organelle. 相似文献