Bird-like fossil footprints from the Late Triassic

The study of fossilized footprints and tracks of dinosaurs and other vertebrates has provided insight into the origin, evolution and extinction of several major groups and their behaviour; it has also been an important complement to their body fossil record. The known history of birds starts in the Late Jurassic epoch (around 150 Myr ago) with the record of Archaeopteryx, whereas the coelurosaurian ancestors of the birds date back to the Early Jurassic. The hind limbs of Late Triassic epoch theropods lack osteological evidence for an avian reversed hallux and also display other functional differences from birds. Previous references to suggested Late Triassic to Early Jurassic bird-like footprints have been reinterpreted as produced by non-avian dinosaurs having a high angle between digits II and IV and in all cases their avian affinities have been challenged. Here we describe well-preserved and abundant footprints with clearly avian characters from a Late Triassic redbed sequence of Argentina, at least 55 Myr before the first known skeletal record of birds. These footprints document the activities, in an environment interpreted as small ponds associated with ephemeral rivers, of an unknown group of Late Triassic theropods having some avian characters.     

基于 Voronoi 网格传感网络近似最少连通覆盖值算法

基于并行处理理念使用Voronoi网格可将平面区域划分为几何体集合的性质,提出了传感器网络正六边形剖分的近似连通最少覆盖算法(ACA-RH).Sink节点将信息收集区域进行正六边形网格剖分,然后让传感器节点与各个正六边形网格的位置进行比较来决定自己是工作还是睡眠,从而构造近似连通最少覆盖集.经过理论分析与仿真实验表明,ACA-RH算法时间复杂度和所需要节点的数量少于SCR-CADS算法、SoYe算法.     

带柯西变异因子的量子粒子群算法在电力系统经济调度中的应用

为了避免算法早熟,结合柯西分布具有较长两翼的特点,提出了带柯西变异因子的量子粒子群,对全局最优解进行变异,并结合惩罚函数处理约束条件来求解电力系统经济调度问题.通过对15个机组和40个机组的数值仿真表明,该算法在收敛精度和迭代速度上有较好的效果.     

二维抛物型方程的高精度显式差分格式

用待定系数法构造了求解二维抛物型方程的高精度分支稳定的显式差分格式,格式的截断误差达到O(Δt2+Δx4).证明了当1/12≤r≤1/6时,差分格式是稳定的.通过数值试验比较了差分格式的解和精确解,说明了差分格式的有效性.     

基于储油罐变位识别的数学模型研究

地下储油罐变位影响罐容表正常标定.针对罐内油位高度的不同工况,基于微元法思想建立了储油罐变位识别的数学模型,并利用最小二乘法原理,结合MATLAB软件,计算出变位参数α=2.12°,β=4.06°,实现了罐容表的准确标定.通过模型分析,表明该模型是合理的,稳定性较好,且对罐容表的标定比现有数学模型更为准确,可在类似形体中推广应用.     

三峡库区事故型水污染敏感目标辨识研究

集中饮用水源地是三峡库区内易受事故型水污染影响的重要敏感目标,本文以集中饮用水源地为研究对象,开展三峡库区事故型水污染敏感目标辨识研究.研究结果表明:三峡库区内事故型水污染敏感目标(集中饮用水源地)共有99个,主要分布在重庆库区,为700余万人提供饮用水服务,其中服务人口10万人以上(包含10万)的集中饮用水源地有18个,重庆市九龙坡区、沙坪坝区、江北区和南岸区等区县内集中饮用水源地服务人口的数量较多;三峡库区共有特大敏感目标23个,重大敏感目标28个,二者占敏感目标总数的51.52%,且主要分布在三峡库区重庆段.     

科研与教研结合在“材料化学”教学中的实践研究

教师创新教育能力与培养创造型人才有着必然的联系.把科研与教研实践于"材料化学"课程教学,实现了良好的教学效果.在教案中将科研与教研的结合具体化,并把教师的科研成果直接应用于实际的教学中,使学生的知识更加系统化,开阔了学生的视野,增大了学生的知识面;通过对科研方法及成果的了解,加强了学生的创新意识、创新精神和创造能力的培养.     

枯草芽孢杆菌与酵母培养物对奶牛产奶性能的影响研究

研究了乳牛日粮中添加不同比例枯草芽孢杆菌与酵母培养物混合制剂"畜速益"(XSY)对乳牛泌乳量及乳品质的影响.结果表明:在乳牛日粮中添加XSY,采食量、泌乳量均有显著提高,各阶段牛乳的干物质、脂肪、蛋白质和乳糖含量均有所提高,以每吨精料补充料添加1.5%XSY饲养奶牛的经济效益最佳.     

Mechanisms of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) maintain stem cell identity in mammalian pluripotent stem cells

Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is essential for cell function, development, and organismal viability. The composition of the proteome is adjusted to the specific requirements of a particular cell type and status. Moreover, multiple metabolic and environmental conditions challenge the integrity of the proteome. To maintain the quality of the proteome, the proteostasis network monitors proteins from their synthesis through their degradation. Whereas somatic stem cells lose their ability to maintain proteostasis with age, immortal pluripotent stem cells exhibit a stringent proteostasis network associated with their biological function and intrinsic characteristics. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that enhanced proteostasis mechanisms play a central role in immortality and cell fate decisions of pluripotent stem cells. Here, we will review new insights into the melding fields of proteostasis and pluripotency and their implications for the understanding of organismal development and survival.     

Homozygous mutation of AURKC yields large-headed polyploid spermatozoa and causes male infertility

The World Health Organization conservatively estimates that 80 million people suffer from infertility worldwide. Male factors are believed to be responsible for 20-50% of all infertility cases, but microdeletions of the Y chromosome are the only genetic defects altering human spermatogenesis that have been reported repeatedly. We focused our work on infertile men with a normal somatic karyotype but typical spermatozoa mainly characterized by large heads, a variable number of tails and an increased chromosomal content (OMIM 243060). We performed a genome-wide microsatellite scan on ten infertile men presenting this characteristic phenotype. In all of these men, we identified a common region of homozygosity harboring the aurora kinase C gene (AURKC) with a single nucleotide deletion in the AURKC coding sequence. In addition, we show that this founder mutation results in premature termination of translation, yielding a truncated protein that lacks the kinase domain. We conclude that the absence of AURKC causes male infertility owing to the production of large-headed multiflagellar polyploid spermatozoa.