烟草多酚提取工艺优化及成分定性分析

采用微波辅助技术提取烟草多酚,利用高效液相色谱-光电二级管阵列检测器-质谱联用技术(HPLC-PDA-MS)对烟草多酚主要组分进行定性分析.研究了微波功率、甲醇用量、提取时间和料液比对烟草多酚得率的影响.经响应面优化确定烟草多酚的微波提取条件为:53%甲醇,料液比为1∶11,微波功率为560 W,提取时间为70 s,在此条件下总多酚得率为22.38 mg/g(干重).HPLC-PDA-MS测定表明,烟草多酚的主要组分为绿原酸和芸香苷.     

基于专家系统的变电站监控信号智能处理系统

为了减轻变电站运行人员的工作负担,辅助故障快速判断,提高运行人员技术水平,在深入总结变电站异常和故障类型的基础上,构建了一个多层次的故障推理模型,结合网络拓扑技术,实现了一个基于专家系统的变电站监控信号智能处理系统.系统的监控信号分析处理功能全面,快速定位机制确保值班员能迅速确定故障信息所在间隔,能准确报告变电站主要故障,并结合专家知识库出具故障报告,提供故障处理指导.系统具备故障模拟及培训功能.该系统在变电站实际应用中取得了良好的效果.     

基于555定时器的声光双控照明灯设计

本文提出一种基于555定时器的声光双控照明电路设计,该设计廉价可靠,可广泛应用于普通场所。     

关于房地产企业业务流程再造的几点思考

指出20世纪90年代以来,业务流程再造成为企业组织变革探讨的热点问题。经过对房地产企业业务流程特点的分析,提出了房地产企业业务流程再造的几点思考。     

Cell-specific ATP7A transport sustains copper-dependent tyrosinase activity in melanosomes

Copper is a cofactor for many cellular enzymes and transporters. It can be loaded onto secreted and endomembrane cuproproteins by translocation from the cytosol into membrane-bound organelles by ATP7A or ATP7B transporters, the genes for which are mutated in the copper imbalance syndromes Menkes disease and Wilson disease, respectively. Endomembrane cuproproteins are thought to incorporate copper stably on transit through the trans-Golgi network, in which ATP7A accumulates by dynamic cycling through early endocytic compartments. Here we show that the pigment-cell-specific cuproenzyme tyrosinase acquires copper only transiently and inefficiently within the trans-Golgi network of mouse melanocytes. To catalyse melanin synthesis, tyrosinase is subsequently reloaded with copper within specialized organelles called melanosomes. Copper is supplied to melanosomes by ATP7A, a cohort of which localizes to melanosomes in a biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1)-dependent manner. These results indicate that cell-type-specific localization of a metal transporter is required to sustain metallation of an endomembrane cuproenzyme, providing a mechanism for exquisite spatial control of metalloenzyme activity. Moreover, because BLOC-1 subunits are mutated in subtypes of the genetic disease Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, these results also show that defects in copper transporter localization contribute to hypopigmentation, and hence perhaps other systemic defects, in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.     

Regulatory networks define phenotypic classes of human stem cell lines

Stem cells are defined as self-renewing cell populations that can differentiate into multiple distinct cell types. However, hundreds of different human cell lines from embryonic, fetal and adult sources have been called stem cells, even though they range from pluripotent cells-typified by embryonic stem cells, which are capable of virtually unlimited proliferation and differentiation-to adult stem cell lines, which can generate a far more limited repertoire of differentiated cell types. The rapid increase in reports of new sources of stem cells and their anticipated value to regenerative medicine has highlighted the need for a general, reproducible method for classification of these cells. We report here the creation and analysis of a database of global gene expression profiles (which we call the 'stem cell matrix') that enables the classification of cultured human stem cells in the context of a wide variety of pluripotent, multipotent and differentiated cell types. Using an unsupervised clustering method to categorize a collection of approximately 150 cell samples, we discovered that pluripotent stem cell lines group together, whereas other cell types, including brain-derived neural stem cell lines, are very diverse. Using further bioinformatic analysis we uncovered a protein-protein network (PluriNet) that is shared by the pluripotent cells (embryonic stem cells, embryonal carcinomas and induced pluripotent cells). Analysis of published data showed that the PluriNet seems to be a common characteristic of pluripotent cells, including mouse embryonic stem and induced pluripotent cells and human oocytes. Our results offer a new strategy for classifying stem cells and support the idea that pluripotency and self-renewal are under tight control by specific molecular networks.     

大学生人文教育的认识与实践

弘扬人文精神,强化人文教育,提高大学生人文素质是社会主义精神文明建设和发展社会主义先进文化的需要;是培养新世纪高质量人才的需要;是新时期建立健全完整的价值观体系的需要。考察和分析中国大学人文教育的现状,可以看出强化人文教育的现实必要性和迫切性。其途径主要有:贯穿以人为本的发展主线;改革教学内容和课程体系;提高教师的人文素质;积极营造良好的校园文化氛围;注重学生的社会实践。     

西班牙大学技术转移中心的成功经验分析

随着西班牙国家创新体系战略的实施,西班牙大学与产业界的技术转移活动日趋活跃,逐渐成为了大学技术转移活动开展得比较好的欧盟国家之一。首先从许可合同和衍生企业两个方面介绍了西班牙大学技术转移的具体情况,提出了大学技术转移中心的重要作用。继而提出政府法律法规的建立是西班牙大学技术转移中心成功运作的指导因素,国家大学技术转移协会是其组织保障,技术转移中心的人力资源是其决定因素,高水平的专利管理是其坚实基础,充足的资金资助是其支撑因素。最后,提出了对我国大学技术转移中心的借鉴意义。     

基于散乱点云的快速体积计算法

三维可视化体积计算基本上都是先由散乱点云构建出表面网格模型,然后基于网格模型计算体积,存在计算量大、速度慢的缺点.针对此问题提出一种快速体积计算法,首先使用改进的增量式Delaunay三角剖分对散乱点云进行四面体剖分;然后利用K近邻计算散乱点的拟合曲面和最小生成树,得到各点的法向量;由各点法向量剔除体外四面体;最后计算各四面体体积之和从而得到总体积.实验表明,该算法不仅保证了计算准确度,而且较传统算法大大提高了效率.