Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

广义Hirota-Satsuma耦合KdV方程的对称及应用

将广义Hirota - Satsuma耦合KdV方程作为研究对象,首先借助古典Lie点对称法研究了它的对称群理论,并且利用对称群的思想得到了四组新形式的精确解;其次,探讨了该方程允许的全部四阶对称;最后,作为对称在物理上的重要应用,还进一步地分情形给出了它的五条守恒律.     

多通道微创经皮肾镜取石术后并发症的护理

总结69例多通道微创经皮肾镜取石术后及术后并发症的护理经验.探讨了微创经皮肾镜下治疗肾结石术后护理.结果显示,63例行1次PCNL,6例行2次PCNL,1例行2次PCNL后仍有残留结石,经体外冲击波碎石后全部清除结石.术后发生并发症6例,其中出血1例、尿外渗2例、感染性休克1例、双J管移位或脱落2例.通过引流、抗感染、...     

服装设计艺术与技术的灵动

服装是一种社会文化,服装设计是人类社会物质文明和精神文明发展的产物,服装设计由艺术设计与技术设计构成。通过对服装设计艺术与技术的灵动特征、艺术与技术的灵动关系、艺术与技术的灵动表现等的论述及分析,深刻揭示了服装设计艺术与技术灵动的内在规律。     

生物可降解高分子形状记忆合金的研究和进展

高分子形状记忆材料近年来吸引了许多研究者的目光, 因其低廉的成本、优异的加工性能、良好的回复性、多变的力学和物理性能等优势迅速地发展起来. 但随着石油紧缺和全球暖化等问题, 开发绿色、可降解的生物高分子形状记忆材料成为新的发展趋势. 其中, 绿色材料聚乳酸以其优异的力学强度、生物降解性和生物相容性, 在可降解的生物高分子形状记忆材料的研究和应用方面有很大的发展前景. 本文主要就生物可降解高分子形状记忆材料的发展现状、形状记忆机理、材料选择和国内外最新研究进展等进行了介绍、评述和展望.     

多酸基三维网络框架: [Cu2(bbtz)4(SiW12O40)]的合成与结构

在水热条件下(160 ℃ ), 通过十二硅钨酸(H₄[SiW₁₂O₄₀]·14H₂O) 、氯化铜(CuCl₂·2H₂O)和1,4-二(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-亚甲基)苯反应, 合成了结构新颖的多酸基配合物[Cu₂(bbtz)₄(SiW₁₂O₄₀)] (1). X 射线单晶衍射结果表明, 该配合物中的金属-有机框架是一个具有六边形孔道的三维网状结构, 而杂多阴离子[SiW₁₂O₄₀]^4-作为四连接点以配位键连接到六边形孔道内, 形成一个基于多酸的高维、高连接网络.     

基于空间群P3对称性的一种新型三维编织材料

用点群S₆ 对应的对称操作推导出一种新的三维编织几何结构单胞. 根据空间群 P3 描述的对称性, 对新的单胞进行对称变换获得了一种新的三维编织几何结构, 研究 了这种三维编织几何结构可行的编织工艺. 通过建立其几何分析模型, 预测了对应三 维编织材料的纤维体积百分含量及其变化趋势.     

RNAi screen identifies Brd4 as a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukaemia

Epigenetic pathways can regulate gene expression by controlling and interpreting chromatin modifications. Cancer cells are characterized by altered epigenetic landscapes, and commonly exploit the chromatin regulatory machinery to enforce oncogenic gene expression programs. Although chromatin alterations are, in principle, reversible and often amenable to drug intervention, the promise of targeting such pathways therapeutically has been limited by an incomplete understanding of cancer-specific dependencies on epigenetic regulators. Here we describe a non-biased approach to probe epigenetic vulnerabilities in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), an aggressive haematopoietic malignancy that is often associated with aberrant chromatin states. By screening a custom library of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting known chromatin regulators in a genetically defined AML mouse model, we identify the protein bromodomain-containing 4 (Brd4) as being critically required for disease maintenance. Suppression of Brd4 using shRNAs or the small-molecule inhibitor JQ1 led to robust antileukaemic effects in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by terminal myeloid differentiation and elimination of leukaemia stem cells. Similar sensitivities were observed in a variety of human AML cell lines and primary patient samples, revealing that JQ1 has broad activity in diverse AML subtypes. The effects of Brd4 suppression are, at least in part, due to its role in sustaining Myc expression to promote aberrant self-renewal, which implicates JQ1 as a pharmacological means to suppress MYC in cancer. Our results establish small-molecule inhibition of Brd4 as a promising therapeutic strategy in AML and, potentially, other cancers, and highlight the utility of RNA interference (RNAi) screening for revealing epigenetic vulnerabilities that can be exploited for direct pharmacological intervention.     

人工湿地技术削减雨水初期径流污染负荷研究进展

拟从技术特点、技术流程、技术原理、技术参数、技术使用中存在的问题以及技术的应用前景等方面对雨水初期径流污染人工湿地技术进行分析和描述.介绍了该技术在国内和国外的研究现状,并展望了其未来研究方向.以期为我国城市雨水初期径流污染控制工程提供参考依据.     

图的局部连通性与上可嵌入性

研究局部连通图中支撑树的变换. 给出L.Nebesk定理的一个新证明, 并将其推广得到一类新的上可嵌入图.