义马地区上古生界页岩气储层特征及有利目标层优选

以钻孔编录为基础查明义马地区上古生界富有机质泥页岩分布特征,利用X衍射、扫描电镜分析、孔渗测试、等温吸附实验等手段,从矿物组成、孔隙结构特征、渗透性和含气性方面展开上古生界页岩气储层特征分析,评价富有机质泥页岩层段生烃条件并优选页岩气有利目标层。研究表明:研究区发育5套富有机质泥页岩层段,平均厚度为7.88~24.80 m,上古生界富有机质泥页岩脆性系数集中分布在40%~60%,纳米-微米级裂缝和粒间-粒内微小孔发育,孔隙度平均2.2%,埋深在1 800 m以浅的富有机质泥页岩渗透率大于0.1×10~(-3)μm~2,吸附气含量为1.15~1.84 m~3/t。优选埋深在600~1 800 m的山2段和山1—太1段为页岩气有利目标层。     

基于自适应帧采样算法和BLSTM的视频转文字研究

针对视频转文字(video to text)存在的建模复杂和准确率低的问题,提出了基于自适应帧采样算法和双向长短时记忆模型的视频转文字方法.自适应帧采样算法能够动态地调整采样率,以提供尽量多的特征来训练模型;结合双向长短时记忆模型,能有效学习视频中前面帧和未来帧的相关信息;同时,用于训练的特征是来自深度卷积神经网络的特征,使得这种双深度的网络结构能够学习视频帧在时空上的关联表示及全局依赖信息;帧信息的融合又增加了特征的种类,从而提升了实验效果.结果显示,在M-VAD和MPIIMD两个数据集中,文中的方法在METEOR中的评分均值分别为7.8%和8.6%,相对原S2VT模型分别提高了16.4%和21.1%,也提升了视频转文字的语言效果.     

中英人名的跨文化探究

本文通过对中英人名的结构、来源和寓意这三方面的研究,得出中英两方在宗教信仰、传统文化、精神修养等各方面的文化差异。通过这些文化差异,简析今后对待中外文化的态度。     

《史记》比较句及其汉语史价值研究

《史记》比较句有极比句、差比句、平比句、较比句四大类。每大类又可以分为若干小类,如极比句又可分为肯定极比句(包括"最"字极比句、"至"字极比句、"极"字极比句、"第一""冠"字极比句)、否定极比句(如"莫/无"字极比句)和反问极比句(如"孰"字极比句);差比句又可以分为肯定差比句和否定差比句;平比句又有表示比照、比拟、比喻、等同等小类;较比句又分为泛比句和疑比句两类。《史记》极比句的比较基准因语境自明往往不出现;差比句的比较主体、比较词、比较基准和结论项基本俱现;平比句的比较词兼有结论项的功能;较比句的比较主体、比较词、比较基准相当于泛比句(假设复句)的前一分句或疑比句的问话部分,而结论项则相当于泛比句(假设复句)的后一分句或疑比句的答话部分。《史记》比较句的汉语史价值表现为,极比句的结论项可由名词或名词性短语充当,差比句结论项可以由数词、量词或数量短语充当,泛比句的"比"是平比句的"比"向差比句的"比"过度的桥梁。     

Adaptive immunity maintains occult cancer in an equilibrium state

The capacity of immunity to control and shape cancer, that is, cancer immunoediting, is the result of three processes that function either independently or in sequence: elimination (cancer immunosurveillance, in which immunity functions as an extrinsic tumour suppressor in naive hosts); equilibrium (expansion of transformed cells is held in check by immunity); and escape (tumour cell variants with dampened immunogenicity or the capacity to attenuate immune responses grow into clinically apparent cancers). Extensive experimental support now exists for the elimination and escape processes because immunodeficient mice develop more carcinogen-induced and spontaneous cancers than wild-type mice, and tumour cells from immunodeficient mice are more immunogenic than those from immunocompetent mice. In contrast, the equilibrium process was inferred largely from clinical observations, including reports of transplantation of undetected (occult) cancer from organ donor into immunosuppressed recipients. Herein we use a mouse model of primary chemical carcinogenesis and demonstrate that equilibrium occurs, is mechanistically distinguishable from elimination and escape, and that neoplastic cells in equilibrium are transformed but proliferate poorly in vivo. We also show that tumour cells in equilibrium are unedited but become edited when they spontaneously escape immune control and grow into clinically apparent tumours. These results reveal that, in addition to destroying tumour cells and sculpting tumour immunogenicity, the immune system of a naive mouse can also restrain cancer growth for extended time periods.     

Fish can infer social rank by observation alone

Transitive inference (TI) involves using known relationships to deduce unknown ones (for example, using A > B and B > C to infer A > C), and is thus essential to logical reasoning. First described as a developmental milestone in children, TI has since been reported in nonhuman primates, rats and birds. Still, how animals acquire and represent transitive relationships and why such abilities might have evolved remain open problems. Here we show that male fish (Astatotilapia burtoni) can successfully make inferences on a hierarchy implied by pairwise fights between rival males. These fish learned the implied hierarchy vicariously (as 'bystanders'), by watching fights between rivals arranged around them in separate tank units. Our findings show that fish use TI when trained on socially relevant stimuli, and that they can make such inferences by using indirect information alone. Further, these bystanders seem to have both spatial and featural representations related to rival abilities, which they can use to make correct inferences depending on what kind of information is available to them. Beyond extending TI to fish and experimentally demonstrating indirect TI learning in animals, these results indicate that a universal mechanism underlying TI is unlikely. Rather, animals probably use multiple domain-specific representations adapted to different social and ecological pressures that they encounter during the course of their natural lives.     

基于响应面的液力变矩器叶片优化设计

针对现有变矩器性能分析方法的不足,在液力变矩器三维流场数值模拟的基础上,采用响应面法对叶片进行优化.首先根据变矩器流场模拟结果,并考虑机械损失的影响,计算变矩器效率、变矩比等输出特性;然后以最高效率为优化目标、起动变矩比为约束条件、二阶多项式为响应面函数,采用正交试验法设计试验样本,建立叶片优化模型并进行优化计算.计算...