全文获取类型
收费全文 | 30694篇 |
免费 | 84篇 |
国内免费 | 80篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 294篇 |
丛书文集 | 514篇 |
教育与普及 | 83篇 |
理论与方法论 | 125篇 |
现状及发展 | 12809篇 |
研究方法 | 1152篇 |
综合类 | 15283篇 |
自然研究 | 598篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 188篇 |
2012年 | 394篇 |
2011年 | 1030篇 |
2010年 | 159篇 |
2008年 | 469篇 |
2007年 | 523篇 |
2006年 | 555篇 |
2005年 | 547篇 |
2004年 | 587篇 |
2003年 | 548篇 |
2002年 | 479篇 |
2001年 | 892篇 |
2000年 | 899篇 |
1999年 | 534篇 |
1992年 | 546篇 |
1991年 | 469篇 |
1990年 | 497篇 |
1989年 | 453篇 |
1988年 | 480篇 |
1987年 | 487篇 |
1986年 | 454篇 |
1985年 | 650篇 |
1984年 | 488篇 |
1983年 | 398篇 |
1982年 | 320篇 |
1981年 | 346篇 |
1980年 | 434篇 |
1979年 | 928篇 |
1978年 | 762篇 |
1977年 | 732篇 |
1976年 | 628篇 |
1975年 | 695篇 |
1974年 | 880篇 |
1973年 | 791篇 |
1972年 | 769篇 |
1971年 | 946篇 |
1970年 | 1288篇 |
1969年 | 952篇 |
1968年 | 862篇 |
1967年 | 902篇 |
1966年 | 872篇 |
1965年 | 606篇 |
1964年 | 198篇 |
1959年 | 346篇 |
1958年 | 564篇 |
1957年 | 398篇 |
1956年 | 372篇 |
1955年 | 305篇 |
1954年 | 332篇 |
1948年 | 275篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 481 毫秒
811.
The Ror receptor tyrosine kinase family 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Forrester WC 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2002,59(1):83-96
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) participate in numerous developmental decisions. Ror RTKs are a family of orphan receptors
that are related to muscle specific kinase (MuSK) and Trk neurotrophin receptors. MuSK assembles acetylcholine receptors at
the neuromuscular junction [1, 2], and Trk receptors function in the developing nervous system (reviewed in [3-5]). Rors have
been identified in nematodes, insects and mammals. Recent studies have begun to shed light on Ror function during development.
In most species, Rors are expressed in many tissue types during development. Analyses of mutants that are defective in the
single nematode Ror demonstrate a role in cell migration and in orienting cell polarity. Mice lacking one of the two Ror gene
products display defects in bone and heart formation. Similarly, two different human bone development disorders, dominant
brachydactyly B and recessive Robinow syndrome, result from mutations in one of the human Ror genes.
Received 17 April 2001; received after revision 2 July 2001; accepted 4 July 2001 相似文献
812.
HIV-1 superinfection despite broad CD8+ T-cell responses containing replication of the primary virus 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Altfeld M Allen TM Yu XG Johnston MN Agrawal D Korber BT Montefiori DC O'Connor DH Davis BT Lee PK Maier EL Harlow J Goulder PJ Brander C Rosenberg ES Walker BD 《Nature》2002,420(6914):434-439
Early treatment of acute HIV-1 infection followed by treatment interruptions has shown promise for enhancing immune control of infection. A subsequent loss of control, however, allows the correlates of protective immunity to be assessed. Here we show that sudden breakthrough of plasma viraemia occurred after prolonged immune containment in an individual infected with HIV-1 at a time when 25 distinct CD8+ T-cell epitopes in the viral proteins Gag, RT, Integrase, Env, Nef, Vpr, Vif and Rev were being targeted. Sequencing of the virus in plasma and cells showed that superinfection with a second clade-B virus was coincident with the loss of immune control. This sudden increase in viraemia was associated with a decline in half of the CD8+ T-cell responses. The declining CD8+ T-cell responses were coupled with sequence changes relative to the initial virus that resulted in impaired recognition. Our data show that HIV-1 superinfection can occur in the setting of a strong and broadly directed virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response. The lack of cross-protective immunity for closely related HIV-1 strains, despite persistent recognition of multiple CD8 epitopes, has important implications for public health and vaccine development. 相似文献
813.
814.
Wabnitz H Bittner L de Castro AR Döhrmann R Gürtler P Laarmann T Laasch W Schulz J Swiderski A von Haeften K Möller T Faatz B Fateev A Feldhaus J Gerth C Hahn U Saldin E Schneidmiller E Sytchev K Tiedtke K Treusch R Yurkov M 《Nature》2002,420(6915):482-485
Intense radiation from lasers has opened up many new areas of research in physics and chemistry, and has revolutionized optical technology. So far, most work in the field of nonlinear processes has been restricted to infrared, visible and ultraviolet light, although progress in the development of X-ray lasers has been made recently. With the advent of a free-electron laser in the soft-X-ray regime below 100 nm wavelength, a new light source is now available for experiments with intense, short-wavelength radiation that could be used to obtain deeper insights into the structure of matter. Other free-electron sources with even shorter wavelengths are planned for the future. Here we present initial results from a study of the interaction of soft X-ray radiation, generated by a free-electron laser, with Xe atoms and clusters. We find that, whereas Xe atoms become only singly ionized by the absorption of single photons, absorption in clusters is strongly enhanced. On average, each atom in large clusters absorbs up to 400 eV, corresponding to 30 photons. We suggest that the clusters are heated up and electrons are emitted after acquiring sufficient energy. The clusters finally disintegrate completely by Coulomb explosion. 相似文献
815.
Long-term in vivo imaging of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in adult cortex 总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36
Do new synapses form in the adult cortex to support experience-dependent plasticity? To address this question, we repeatedly imaged individual pyramidal neurons in the mouse barrel cortex over periods of weeks. We found that, although dendritic structure is stable, some spines appear and disappear. Spine lifetimes vary greatly: stable spines, about 50% of the population, persist for at least a month, whereas the remainder are present for a few days or less. Serial-section electron microscopy of imaged dendritic segments revealed retrospectively that spine sprouting and retraction are associated with synapse formation and elimination. Experience-dependent plasticity of cortical receptive fields was accompanied by increased synapse turnover. Our measurements suggest that sensory experience drives the formation and elimination of synapses and that these changes might underlie adaptive remodelling of neural circuits. 相似文献
816.
The relatively short length of most instrumental climate records restricts the study of climate variability, and it is therefore essential to extend the record into the past with the help of proxy data. Only since the late 1940s have atmospheric data been available that are sufficient in quality and spatial resolution to identify the dominant patterns of climate variability, such as the Pacific North America pattern and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Here we present a 301-year snow accumulation record from an ice core at a height of 5,340 m above sea level-from Mount Logan, in northwestern North America. This record shows features that are closely linked with the Pacific North America pattern for the period of instrumental data availability. Our record extends back in time to cover the period from the closing stages of the Little Ice Age to the warmest decade in the past millennium. We find a positive, accelerating trend in snow accumulation after the middle of the nineteenth century. This trend is paralleled by a warming over northwestern North America which has been associated with secular changes in both the Pacific North America pattern and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. 相似文献
817.
Navigating the signalling network in mouse cardiac myocytes 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Cardiac myocytes have a complex network of signals that regulates their essential role in the rhythmic pumping of the heart. This network is an appealing model system in which to study the basic principles underlying cellular signalling mechanisms. Progress in this effort has come through the establishment of standardized myocyte isolation and culture procedures and characterization of important signalling responses. 相似文献
818.
Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Okazaki Y Furuno M Kasukawa T Adachi J Bono H Kondo S Nikaido I Osato N Saito R Suzuki H Yamanaka I Kiyosawa H Yagi K Tomaru Y Hasegawa Y Nogami A Schönbach C Gojobori T Baldarelli R Hill DP Bult C Hume DA Quackenbush J Schriml LM Kanapin A Matsuda H Batalov S Beisel KW Blake JA Bradt D Brusic V Chothia C Corbani LE Cousins S Dalla E Dragani TA Fletcher CF Forrest A Frazer KS Gaasterland T Gariboldi M Gissi C Godzik A Gough J Grimmond S Gustincich S Hirokawa N Jackson IJ Jarvis ED Kanai A 《Nature》2002,420(6915):563-573
819.
820.