Lightning activity on the central Tibetan Plateau and its response to convective available potential energy

Lightning flash activities on the central Tibetan Plateau have been studied by using the satellite-based Lightning Imaging Sensor(LIS)database from January 1998 to July 2002.The lightning activity shows a clear diurnal variation on the central Plateau.The peak lightning activity appears at about 17:00 which is 3 h earlier than that in Jingxhou,Hubei in the same latitude belt nearby,indicating that the lightning activity is a sensitive indicator of solar heating on the Plateau.The lightning discharge is weaker on the Plateau than Jingzhou.Hubei and other low-altitude continental regions because of the lower convective available potential energy(CAPE)on the Plateau.The CAPE on the Plateau is 12 times lower than that in Jingzhou,Hubei,and 20 times lower than that in the sea-level region,such as Guangzhou and Florida.However,the sensitivity of lightning activity to CAPE changes on the Plateau is up to 30 times more sensitive than other prominent low-altitude regions.     

A carbon- and oxygen-isotope record of recent environ- mental change from Qinghai Lake, NE Tibetan Plateau

An understanding of natural climatic variability is essential for evaluating anthropogenic impacts on recent and future climate[1—3]. Due to the lack of lengthy instrumental records, such an understanding must be gained from natural archives of climate change. Palaeolimnological indicators of past lake levels may provide a sensitive record of changes in effective precipitation in closed basins. This approach is particularly relevant on the Tibetan Plateau, where instrumental records are very…     

Nanoengineering of Flux Pinning Sites in High－Tc Superconductors

Volume pinning forces were determined for a variety of bulk high-Tc superconductors of the 123-type from magnetization measurements. By means of scaling of the pinning forces, the acting pinning mechanisms in various temperature ranges were identified. The Nd-based superconductors and some YBCO crystals exhibited a dominating pinning of the δTc-type (i.e., small, superconducting pinning sites). In contrast to this, the addition of insulating 211 particles provided pinning of the δl-type; providing effective pinning in the entire temperature range acting as a “background” pinning mechanism for the peak effect. Due to the small coherence lengths of the high-Tc compounds, effective pinning sites are defects or particles of nanometer size relative to ε^3. Integral magnetic measurements of the magnetization as a function of temperature in large applied magnetic fields (up to 7 T) revealed that practically all high-Tccompounds were spatially inhomogeneous, which could becaused by oxygen deficiency (YBCO), solid solutions of Nd/Ba (NdBCO and other light rare earth compounds), intergrowths (Bi-based superconductors), and doping by pair-breaking dopants like Zn, Pr. This implies that the superconducting sample consists of stronger and weaker superconducting areas, coupled together. In large applied fields, this coupling gets broken and the magnetization versus temperature curves revealed more than one superconducting transition. In contrast, irradiation experiments by neutrons, protons,and heavy-ions enabled the artificial introduction of very effective pinning sites into the high-Tc superconductors, thus creating a large variety of different observations using magnetic data. From all these observations, we construct a pinning diagram for bulk high-Tc superconductors explaining many featuresobserved in high-Tc samples.     

南澳岛及其附近岛屿夏季鸟类的初步调查

作者一行于 2 0 0 1年夏季对南澳及其附近岛屿的鸟类资源状况进行了调查研究 .结果发现 ,南澳及其附近岛屿有鸟类 51种 ,隶属 1 3目 2 8科 ,其中雀形目 2 3种 ,占所发现种类的 45% ,非雀形目 2 8种 ,占 55% ;国家一、二级保护动物各一种 ,分别为 :白腹军舰鸟 (F regataandrewsi)和岩鹭 (Egretta sacra) .按鸟类的栖息和迁徙习惯划分 ,有海鸟 8种 ,湿地候鸟 2种 ,湿地留鸟 9种 ,陆地候鸟 4种 ,陆地留鸟 2 8种 .在所有鸟类中以褐翅燕鸥 (Sterna anae-thetus)为优势种 ,数量最大 ,分布最广 .     

Ni2MnGa铁磁形状记忆材料

铁磁形状记忆合金 (FSMA)是在一定温度范围马氏体相稳定同时又具铁磁性的一类特殊的形状记忆合金。Ni2MnGa铁磁形状记忆合金近年来成为呈现磁场驱动大应变的新型驱动材料 ,这些应变来自磁场诱发马氏体孪晶的重排 ,而不是磁场对奥氏体至马氏体相变的作用。孪晶变体的重排在宏观上呈现为正或切应变 ,一非化学计量比Ni2 MnGa单晶于室温加 0 .4T磁场能产生6 %的应变 ,Ni Mn Ga单晶在高至 15 0Hz的交变磁场仍可得到 2 .5 %的应变。本文阐述了与这种磁控形状记忆效应相关的孪晶界迁动的磁学和晶体学理论。马氏体相的大磁晶各向异性能使磁化沿c轴方向有利 ,穿过孪晶界c轴刚好转动 90度 ,同时 ,这个孪晶界也构成了约 90度的畴界。在各向异性的情况下 ,孪晶界的迁动仅有相邻孪晶变体的Zeeman能差驱动 ,μ0 ΔMis·Hi。磁场和外应力对应变的影响通过对一简单的自由能表达式取极小值来表示 ,自由能表达式包括Zeeman能、磁晶各向异性能和外应力以及在某些情况下需考虑的内部弹性能 ,模型的所有参数可通过应力 应变曲线和磁化曲线测量得到。铁磁形状记忆合金的磁场诱发应变可类比传统热弹性形状记忆效应 ,与更为人们所熟知的磁致伸缩现象不同。     

一种基于聚类的粗糙集连续属性的离散化算法

粗糙集理论是一种新的处理不精确、不完全与不相容知识的数学工具。粗糙集理论只能对离散属性进行处理，而不能处理连续属性。中针对这一缺陷，利用连续数值属性有序性的性质和统计方差理论，提出了一种基于聚类的连续属性离散化算法。运用典型数据将本算法与现有方法进行了比较分析，得到了满意的结果。     

285℃条件下伊/蒙混层矿物的存在及其意义——新西兰现代活动地热区的研究

长期以来认为,蒙皂石的伊利石化程度主要受温度控制,伊/蒙混层矿物被广泛用作矿物地质温度计。作者在对新西兰Kawerau现代活动地热区进行有关粘土矿物水/岩反应的     

嵌埋于极化BaTiO3薄膜内的Ag纳米微粒对基体中二次谐波产生的增强作用

近年来,铁电薄膜的光学性质引起了许多研究者的注意.除较为常用的电光效应外,人们还发现了极化后的BaTiO_3薄膜在激光辐射下产生很强的二次谐波,表明这类材料在非线性光学领域有很好的应用前景.最近,我们利用sol-gel过程制备具有嵌埋结构的铁电薄膜——金属纳米微粒体系,发现这类新型材料具有很特殊的光吸收性质.本文对这类材料的二次非线性光学性质进行了研究,发现金属纳米微粒对铁电薄膜中二次谐波的产生有明显的增强作用.实验所用的样品为淀积在石英玻璃基片上的、嵌埋Ag纳米微粒的BaTiO_3薄膜,用sol-gel法制备,具体过程见文献[2].石英基片的厚度为lmm,面积约为1.5cm~2,利用局部腐蚀法和台阶测厚仪测得薄膜厚度在1.6～2.0μm之间.样品的极化过程在两块极     

工业烟气脱硫同时制取硫化氢的初步研究

提出一种无废烟气脱硫新方法。用硫化钠溶液洗脱工业烟气中二氧化硫，同时生成硫化氢。后者用Ｃｌａｕｓ反应可制取元素硫。反应过程为三阶段模式。第一阶段发生二氧化硫溶解和硫离子向硫氢根离子转变；第二阶段主要发生硫氢根离子向硫化氢转变同时吸收二氧化硫；第三阶段，溶液逐渐失去脱除ＳＯ２的能力。提高硫化钠初始浓度和反应温度或降低进气中二氧化硫含量，于提高Ｈ２Ｓ转化率有利。进气中二氧化硫分压增大，各阶段周期缩短。     

Using Mutual Feedback Chaotic Synchronous Systems

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