Preparation of titanium dioxide from titania-rich slag by molten NaOH method

Preparing titanium dioxide from titania-rich slag (TiO₂ 73wt%) by molten NaOH method has been developed. The effects of temperature and reaction time on the titanium conversion were investigated. The results showed that temperature had significant influence on the titanium conversion as well as the structure of the product. About 92% of titanium in the titania-rich slag could be converted after reacting with NaOH at 500℃ for 1 h. Metatitanic acid was formed through the steps of washing treatment, acid dissolution, and hydrolysis. Well-dispersed spherical titanium dioxide particles with an average size of 0.1-0.4 μm can be obtained by calcination of metatitanic acid. In addition, the content of titanium dioxide in the product is up to 98.6wt%, which can be used as pigments after further treatment of coating and crushing.     

Effect of stearic acid on the morphological and structural evolution of mechanically milled Nb-based powder

Nb-based powder was fabricated via mechanical grinding. The influence of stearic acid on the grinding process was studied. The structural evolution and morphological evolution of the milled powder were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. It is indicated that an appropriate amount of stearic acid accelerates the particle refinement process and favors the production of superfine Nb-based particles with good dispersivity and high activity. However, an inappropriate amount of stearic acid has an adverse effect on the refinement process.     

基于阵列基线旋转的多目标DOA估计算法

传统均匀圆阵波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计算法要求天线数目多于目标数量,易受阵列的通道不一致性影响。针对此问题,引入阵列基线旋转这一思想对多目标进行测向。通过旋转两天线阵列基线,并以固定的时间延迟对阵元的接收数据进行采样,相当于利用有限的两个阵元对目标进行多位置观测,增加了阵元的利用率,提高了DOA估计的测向精度。计算机仿真实验表明,该算法采用两阵元就可以实现多目标测向,其测向性能与基于均匀5元圆阵的传统多重信号分类算法相当,具有对多通道间相位不一致鲁棒性强的优点。     

基于延时处理的对角加载信源数估计方法

为了解决在有色噪声背景下信息论准则算法估计信源数失效以及盖氏圆方法在低信噪比下性能下降的问题,提出了一种利用接收信号延时信息的协方差矩阵对角加载技术估计信源数的方法.首先构造接收信号的延时协方差矩阵,抑制色噪声的影响,然后对延时协方差矩阵做出变换处理,得到抑制噪声后的协方差矩阵特征值,最后对得到的特征值进行对角加载技术处理,利用信息论准则进行信号源数目的估计.仿真结果表明了该算法的正确性和有效性.     

温带针阔混交林区树种胸径生长的空间差异性

利用方差分析理论研究了样地各树种在各径阶生长量的空间差异性,结果表明：在温带针阔混交林区中红松、云杉、冷杉、水曲柳、胡桃楸、黄菠萝等树种在各径阶的生长量受海拔、坡向和坡度不同的影响较大,而落叶松、柞树和杨树等树种在各径阶的生长量受地理位置的影响较小,坡位因素对于各树种的生长影响均较小.     

基于柱面共形阵列天线的快速波达方向估计

由于共形天线载体曲率不同,阵列中每个阵元的方向图的指向各不相同,这导致了阵列中各个阵元极化特性(polarization diversity, PD)的差异。因此,共形阵列天线的数学模型中考虑了不同阵元的极化特性。共形阵列实现波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计的过程中,主要难点在于信源方位参数与极化状态的去“耦合”。本文利用圆柱的单曲率特性,通过合理摆放子阵中的天线阵元,结合传播算子方法(propagator method, PM)和子阵分割技术,提出了一种适合于柱面共形阵列的DOA估计方法。本文的DOA估计算法不需要天线单元方向图的任何信息,不需要谱峰搜索和参数配对,计算量较小。最后通过Monte-Carlo仿真实验验证了本文算法的有效性。     

利用延时相关预处理的信源数估计

为了解决信息论准则估计信源数在有色噪声背景下失效以及盖氏圆方法在低信噪比下性能下降的问题,提出了利用延时相关预处理的信源数估计方法. 首先构造接收数据之间的延时相关矩阵,抑制噪声影响. 再将特征向量按划分规则分组,得到两类不同的特征空间,其中一类只含噪声特征矢量,另一类同时含有噪声和信号的特征矢量. 最后将延时相关矩阵投影到特征空间,通过对投影数据进行处理实现信源数估计. 仿真实验和实测结果表明了该算法的正确性和有效性.     

基于粒子群算法的抽油机故障诊断研究

提出了一种动态改变学习因子的粒子群算法,用以保证在粒子群优化算法的初始阶段,使粒子在进化初期仔细地在自身的邻域内搜索,防止粒子快速向局部最优解汇聚而错过自身邻域内可能存在的全局最优解,而在进化后期,使粒子快速、准确地收敛于全局最优解,提高算法收敛速度和精度。利用改进后的粒子群算法优化神经网络的权值和阈值,并把优化后的神经网络应用到抽油机故障检测中,结果表明用改进后粒子群算法优化的神经网络对抽油机进行故障诊断较传统BP算法更具准确性与快速性。     

High heat loading performance of actively cooled W/Cu FGM-based components

A functionally graded material-based actively water-cooled tungsten-copper mockup with a dimension of 30 mm×30 mm×25 mm was designed and fabricated by infiltration-brazing method. The thicknesses of the pure W layer and W/Cu graded layer were 2 and 3 mm, respectively. High heat flux tests were performed on the mockup using an e-beam device. There is no damage occurring on the joint after heat loading at 5 MW/m2. The temperature on the pure W surface is less than 500℃ after irradiation for 100 s at 5 MW/m2, while the temperature on the brazing seam/copper surface is around 200℃.     

柠檬酸对二水石膏晶体生长习性与晶体形貌的影响

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试手段分析了柠檬酸对二水石膏晶体结晶习性的影响,并从晶体生长的角度揭示了柠檬酸的缓凝机理．结果表明：柠檬酸由于能与钙离子发生络合作用,降低了钙离子在各个晶面上的叠合速率,从而减缓了石膏晶体的生长速率,晶体粗化;柠檬酸优先吸附在生长最快的c轴方向上,抑制c轴的生长,从而改变各个晶面的相对生长速率,晶形由针状变为短柱状;加入柠檬酸后,建筑石膏的缓凝、石膏硬化体强度的下降均与二水石膏晶体生长习性的改变息息相关．