天线反射面风压分布的测量

测量天线反射面风压是困难的问题,本文根据天线反射面的结构特点,设计了几何相似和动力相似的各类天线风压测量模型,提出了测量方法,讨论了提高测量精度的措施。     

多频率设计的试验解析综合法

本文针对机械系统动态设计的需要,从动力修改原理出发,导出了一种多阶固有频率的动态修改方法。本方法只需给出试验模态分析结果就可以完成所需全部计算。     

PVDF与海藻酸钠黏结剂对石墨负极电化学性能的影响

应用循环伏安和恒电流充、放电等电化学方法,并结合微观测试技术对比了油性黏结剂（PVDF）和水性黏结剂（海藻酸钠）对石墨负极电化学嵌脱锂性能的影响．结果表明,黏结剂的种类对电极的电容、库效率、倍率充、放电性能以及电化学循环性能均有影响．     

被动型氢原子钟储存泡口原子分布计算及应用

为了获得被动型氢原子钟高、低能态氢原子经四极磁选态器偏转后在储存泡口的分布规律,建立了更加贴近实际情况的分布模型.利用统计学方法,一定温度下的氢原子出射速度采用麦克斯韦分布,出射角度近似采用均匀分布,并结合氢原子在四极磁选态系统中的运动规律,通过数值计算得到了距四极磁选态器出口一定距离处高、低能态氢原子的三维分布密度.应用该分布模型,计算得到收集高能态氢原子的泡口优化半径与聚焦距离之间的关系,为储存泡的加工和聚焦距离的设计提供了依据,可以使得高能态原子被最大程度聚集,低能态原子被偏离,从而提高谐振腔内跃迁信号的功率.     

RC框剪结构强震作用下的耗能分布模式与损伤机制

采用数值分析方法,对具有多个不同参数的RC框剪结构模型进行了多条强震记录作用下的弹塑性时程分析和Pushover分析.通过对比各算例的计算结果,归纳总结了RC框剪结构的典型耗能分布模式和损伤机制,并对影响结构损伤机制的因素进行了讨论.结果表明,RC框剪结构在罕遇地震作用下可能会形成“强墙肢弱连梁”和“强连梁弱墙肢”的典型损伤机制.前者可使结构获得稳定可控的耗能分布模式,后者则会导致结构形成位置不确定的局部耗能集中层.连梁与墙肢相对刚度比是影响结构损伤机制的重要因素,较小的连梁与墙肢相对刚度比可使结构易于形成“强墙肢弱连梁”的损伤机制;改变框架和剪力墙的相对比例则不会影响结构的损伤机制.     

Opening and evolution of the South China Sea constrained by studies on volcanic rocks: Preliminary results and a research design

The South China Sea (SCS) is characterized by abundant seamounts, which provide important information about the evolution of the SCS and related deep processes. Cenozoic volcanism in the SCS and its surroundings comprises three stages relative to the spreading of the SCS:prespreading (>32 Ma), syn-spreading (32-16 Ma), and post-spreading (<16 Ma). The pre-spreading magmatism predominantly occurs on the northern margin of the SCS and in South China coastal areas and shows a bi-modal affinity. The syn-spreading magmatic activity was very limited on the periphery of the SCS, but may be concentrated in the SCS. However, seafloor samples of this stage are not available yet because of overlying thick sedimentary deposits. Post-spreading magmatism is widespread in the central and southwest sub-basins of the SCS, Hainan Island, Leizhou Peninsula, Thailand, and Vietnam. These are mainly alkali basalts with subordinate tholeiites, and display OIB-type geochemical characteristics. The Dupal isotope anomaly and presence of high-magnesian olivine phenocrysts suggests their possible derivation from the Hainan mantle plume. The temporal and spatial distribution of Cenozoic volcanism in the SCS and its surroundings may be accounted for either by plate stress re-organization before and after SCS spreading, or by ridge suction of plume flow during opening of the SCS. If the latter is the case, the volcanic rocks within the SCS basin may not be typical mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). It remains puz-zling, however, that the transition between the South China continental margin and the SCS basin does not have features typical of a volcanic rifted margin. Clearly, the relationship between mantle plume and SCS opening needs further evaluation. A better un-derstanding of the link between deep processes and opening of the SCS not only requires enhanced studies on igneous petrogene-sis, but also is heavily dependent on systematic sampling of seafloor rocks.     

汽油机连续可变进气凸轮轴相位策略的数值模拟

针对486Q汽油机连续可变进气凸轮轴配气相位系统的研制,采用发动机循环模拟数值方法研究连续可变进气凸轮轴配气相位系统的相位策略。数值模拟表明486Q汽油机在高负荷中低转速工况通过进气相位提前抑制进气在气门关闭时刻向进气道的倒流可有效提高循环进气量,使中低转速工况动力输出性能提高6%～8%,其结果与随后试验测试获得进气相位变化量一致。综合考虑燃油消耗率和有害排放物生成,数值模拟中等负荷工况进气相位参数的调节优化,通过进气相位提前,示例工况缸内残余废气系数可从9%增加到20%,NO排放量低减约80%,燃油消耗     

益生菌Gan-1的鉴定、理化特性及其降胆固醇作用

从啤酒样品中分离出一株具有较强的耐酸、耐盐、耐胆盐及降胆固醇能力的细菌菌株Gan-1。利用多相分类方法,即通过形态特征、生理生化特性以及16S rRNA核酸序列分析,鉴定菌株Gan-1为干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei Gan-1）;采用MRS-Broth培养基,模拟人体胃酸环境、渗透压环境和胆盐环境,测定菌株Gan-1在酸性及高胆盐环境作用下菌株Gan-1的生长状况;结果表明,菌株能够耐受pH3的环境、低于6%NaCl的高渗环境以及低于2.0%胆盐环境;菌株具有降解胆固醇的能力,培养至24h时,降解的胆固醇达24%。     

O2／CO2气氛下着火延迟特性影响因素分析

采用详细化学反应动力学方法研究了3种烷烃燃料（正戊烷、正己烷和正庚烷）在O2／CO2气氛及空气气氛下的着火延迟特性,探讨了初始温度为1000～1350K,压力为1．6～4．0MPa,过氧系数为0．7～1．3条件下,不同燃烧气氛、CO2体积分数、温度、压力、过氧系数等因素对3种烷烃燃料着火延迟的影响规律．结果表明：在相同初始O2体积分数条件下,高CO2体积分数气氛下3种烷烃燃料的着火延迟时间比空气气氛下明显延长;随着燃烧系统中初始CO2体积分数的增加,3种烷烃燃料的着火延迟时间进一步增加,O2／CO2气氛下出现着火延迟现象不仅与CO2的热物性有关,还与燃烧系统内CO2的化学反应动力学作用有关．     

Ultrasonic communication in frogs

Among vertebrates, only microchiropteran bats, cetaceans and some rodents are known to produce and detect ultrasounds (frequencies greater than 20 kHz) for the purpose of communication and/or echolocation, suggesting that this capacity might be restricted to mammals. Amphibians, reptiles and most birds generally have limited hearing capacity, with the ability to detect and produce sounds below approximately 12 kHz. Here we report evidence of ultrasonic communication in an amphibian, the concave-eared torrent frog (Amolops tormotus) from Huangshan Hot Springs, China. Males of A. tormotus produce diverse bird-like melodic calls with pronounced frequency modulations that often contain spectral energy in the ultrasonic range. To determine whether A. tormotus communicates using ultrasound to avoid masking by the wideband background noise of local fast-flowing streams, or whether the ultrasound is simply a by-product of the sound-production mechanism, we conducted acoustic playback experiments in the frogs' natural habitat. We found that the audible as well as the ultrasonic components of an A. tormotus call can evoke male vocal responses. Electrophysiological recordings from the auditory midbrain confirmed the ultrasonic hearing capacity of these frogs and that of a sympatric species facing similar environmental constraints. This extraordinary upward extension into the ultrasonic range of both the harmonic content of the advertisement calls and the frog's hearing sensitivity is likely to have co-evolved in response to the intense, predominantly low-frequency ambient noise from local streams. Because amphibians are a distinct evolutionary lineage from microchiropterans and cetaceans (which have evolved ultrasonic hearing to minimize congestion in the frequency bands used for sound communication and to increase hunting efficacy in darkness), ultrasonic perception in these animals represents a new example of independent evolution.