介质流向对截止阀流场和流阻特性的影响

为探索介质流向对截止阀内部流场和流阻特性的影响,应用SOLIDWORKS软件建立截止阀的三维模型。使用Fluent软件中的有限元法和标准k-ε湍流模型,在不同开度的情况下,采用数值模拟分析的方法,研究不同介质流向下截止阀的流场和流阻特性,分析阀体内部的速度和压力分布规律。结果表明:在两种不同的流向下,阀门的流通能力相差较小;在小开度时,介质高进低出时能够减小阀门的压力损失,在流通高压介质的情况下,高进低出的流向能够极大的减小阀门的关闭力。流场的分析为截止阀的结构设计和优化提供参考。     

Mutations in SMAD3 cause a syndromic form of aortic aneurysms and dissections with early-onset osteoarthritis

Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections are a main feature of connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome. We delineated a new syndrome presenting with aneurysms, dissections and tortuosity throughout the arterial tree in association with mild craniofacial features and skeletal and cutaneous anomalies. In contrast with other aneurysm syndromes, most of these affected individuals presented with early-onset osteoarthritis. We mapped the genetic locus to chromosome 15q22.2-24.2 and show that the disease is caused by mutations in SMAD3. This gene encodes a member of the TGF-β pathway that is essential for TGF-β signal transmission. SMAD3 mutations lead to increased aortic expression of several key players in the TGF-β pathway, including SMAD3. Molecular diagnosis will allow early and reliable identification of cases and relatives at risk for major cardiovascular complications. Our findings endorse the TGF-β pathway as the primary pharmacological target for the development of new treatments for aortic aneurysms and osteoarthritis.     

Fluctuation and response in biology

In 1905, Albert Einstein proposed that the forces that cause the random Brownian motion of a particle also underlie the resistance to macroscopic motion when a force is applied. This insight, of a coupling between fluctuation (stochastic behavior) and responsiveness (non-stochastic behavior), founded an important branch of physics. Here we argue that his insight may also be relevant for understanding evolved biological systems, and we present a ‘fluctuation–response relationship’ for biology. The relationship is consistent with the idea that biological systems are similarly canalized to stochastic, environmental, and genetic perturbations. It is also supported by in silico evolution experiments, and by the observation that ‘noisy’ gene expression is often both more responsive and more ‘evolvable’. More generally, we argue that in biology there is (and always has been) an important role for macroscopic theory that considers the general behavior of systems without concern for their intimate molecular details.     

Interpretation of the architectural design methods

文章结合笔者近年来的工作实践,从建筑设计因素入手,分析和阐述了建筑设计的几种方法,并提出了自己的一些看法.     

大体积混凝土施工中出现的裂缝及控制措施

在大体积混凝土结构施工中,混凝土裂缝的控制是一个很重要的课题.本文就裂缝产生的原因及其控制措施谈几点个人看法.     

面向新一代生物及化工产业的生物质原料炼制关键过程

木质纤维素等生物质本身是一个超分子功能体，是新一代生物及化工产业最具价值的工业通用原料。国家973计划项目“秸秆资源生态高值化关键过程的基础研究”研究团队经过为期5年的研究，建立了以秸秆为代表的生物质高效转化关键过程和技术平台。但是，要在生物质经济的全球竞争中形成优势，还需突破制约生物质成为通用原料的基础问题。本文分析了面向新一代生物及化工产业的生物质产业发展特点和亟需解决的主要问题，提出了符合生物质原料结构特点和产物功能要求的生物质原料炼制过程新思路，将生物质原料炼制思路从原料预处理．组分分离提升到选择性结构拆分，并阐明了生物质成为新一代生物及化工产业通用工业原料需要解决的关键科学问题。     

山西管涔山林区植物多样性研究

管涔山林区高等植物有107科、340属、599种（含变种）,其中单属科有60个,单种属有217个,数量较多,所占比例较高,10属以上的科有9个,为世界广布科,10种以上的科有15个,含367个种,占总种数的61.27%.管涔山林区的植物种类集中在少数大科和较大科中,优势现象十分显著.乔木层的植物多样性随海拔高度的增加而减少,优势现象增强,灌木层只有1 800m以下出现,草本层在管涔山林区任何高度上都有分布,多样性指数高,随海拔高度变化不明显,但优势种有差异.     

浅析影响英语学习的非智力因素

影响英语学习的几种主要的非智力因素 ,如动机因素 ,学习方式 ,年龄因素 ,兴趣和心理 ,环境因素。为英语学习者在学习过程中就如何发挥其自身的有利因素 ,克服不利因素 ,从而提高英语学习的效率提供了建议。     

Computer system reliability allocation method and supporting tool

This paper presents a computer system reliability allocation method that is based on the theory of statistic and Markovian chain, which can be used to allocate reliability to subsystem, to hybrid system and software modules. A relevant supporting tool built by us is introduced.     

浅谈新疆科技情报业面临的困惑与出路

回顾了新疆科技情报行业的发展过程,分析了发展中存在的问题,总结了新疆科技情报业体制改革的一些经验.