Optimal policy with a total order quantity commitment contract in the presence of a spot market

In this paper,the optimal policy is considered when the buyer faces two supply sources:one is the contract supplier from which the buyer orders over a specific contract period(say,a year) at a pre-agreed price,and the other is the spot market.However,when ordering from the contract supplier,the buyer must fulfill a pre-determined total order quantity,or the so-called definite total order quantity commitment,over the whole contract period.In other words,the commitment secures the buyer a fixed price but obliges him/her a total order quantity over the contract period.Although the spot market gives the buyer more flexibility in terms of order quantities,its prices are volatile.Such a combination of contract and spot procurements is often observed in practice.Within the contract period,there are multiple sub-periods,during each of which the buyer reviews the inventory,issues an individual order,and uses the on-hand inventory to meet the random demand.Thus,in each(ordering) period,the buyer will weigh between the current known spot price(by procuring from the spot market) and a lower future price(by waiting while consuming the remaining commitment).An optimal dual ordering policy is characterized for each period,depending on the on-hand inventory level,the spot price,and the remaining commitment quantity.The optimal policy in each period is also shown to be independent of the contract price.Through a numerical study,the inventory cost is demonstrated to be(1) insensitive to the contract price when the total commitment quantity is lower than the total expected demand over the contract period and(2) non-increasing in the variability of spot prices.     

IEEE 802.11e EDCA中虚拟碰撞问题的一种解决策略

IEEE 802.11e标准中的EDCA机制引入了虚拟碰撞的概念,从而带来了基站内相同优先级业务相对优先权不同的问题。为解决这一问题,现提出一种新的N-EDCA(NEW-EDCA)调节机制,该机制将发生过与未发生过虚拟碰撞的队列一视同仁,从而避免了优先级倒置和不公平的问题。该机制中保持了虚拟碰撞队列的原竞争参数,仿真结果验证了N-EDCA机制的有效性。     

强迫层流环境下多晶粒生长的相场法模拟

将模拟流场所用的Lattice Boltzmann方法(简称LBM)和模拟枝晶生长的相场模型进行耦合,模拟Al-Cu合金等温凝固过程中多晶粒在纯扩散和存在对流情况下枝晶的生长状况.模拟结果显示:在枝晶的生长初期,无论是纯扩散还是存在对流,各晶粒间间距较大,无相互影响,独立生长;纯扩散条件下枝晶呈现明显的对称性,强迫层流作用下,由于对流的存在,上游侧枝晶比下游侧枝晶发达;随着枝晶慢慢长大,各晶粒相互影响,产生竞争生长,导致枝晶生长产生不对称性;流速的大小会影响枝晶的生长形貌,流速越大,枝晶生长越快,非对称性越严重,下游越易产生涡流.     

微波辅助聚酯PET醇解反应研究

研究了废旧聚酯PET以微波辐射为能量源在1,4-丁二醇、丙三醇、乙二醇和1,2-丙二醇等几种多元醇中的醇解反应.研究结果表明除1,2-丙二醇,PET在其他三种多元醇中均能得到很好的醇解转化率.根据对醇解产物和醇解过程的分析,给出了可能的醇解机理.     

国内网络问政研究进展之文献计量分析——以CNKI2008.01—2013.12文献为基础

以CNKI2008年1月1日-2013年12月25日相关文献为基础,对我国网络问政研究的文献进行梳理,从网络问政研究的兴起与进展、网络问政研究文献的结构分析以及网络问政研究的主题和内容分布三个方面综合分析研究者的观点,可以看出当前我国在网络问政领域的研究存在着不足,如有关网络问政的相关概念有待明晰,研究领域倚重、研究范围有待拓展,研究主题泛化、理论深度有待挖掘,研究方法滞后、学术规范性偏弱。今后,应及时总结并汲取国内外先进经验,加强学术规范性及多学科理论交叉研究。     

非线性的双目数码成像定位模型

2008年高教杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛题有A,B两题,A题是一个双目数码成像定位问题。解决这一问题,有较大的难度,需要很巧妙的数学技巧。文章用透视对应链的观点建立了双目定位的非线性模型,该模型参数实际含义清楚明了,表达式直观准确,数据计算简单流畅,具有很强的创新性。     

Different process parameters on the effects of tobacco quality

通过正交试验探讨了工艺参数与烟丝填充值、整丝率及烟丝经过卷烟机后烟丝填充值、整丝率降低之间的关系,寻找参数间的最佳组合.结果表明:①在试验范围内,各因素对烟丝整丝率降低影响较显著；薄板烘丝机滚筒转速对烟丝填充值影响较显著,对烟丝填充值降低达到显著性影响.各因素对烟丝整丝率影响不显著；松散回潮出口含水率、叶丝增温增湿机(HT)开度对烟丝填充值、烟丝填充值降低影响不显著.②试验因素最佳组合为松散回潮出料烟叶含水率19.5±1.0％、叶丝增温增湿机HT开度74％、薄板烘丝机滚筒转速13 r/min.     

图像边缘检测算法的对此分析与研究

边缘检测是图像处理与识别中最基础的内容之一,介绍了近年来出现的新的边缘检测方法,并对其性能和算法特点进行了分析和比较.     

探析新产品开发中影响因素的作用大小——论技术创新度的调节作用

从企业内部可控因素出发,具体从企业管理层行为、跨部门协同行为以及各部门具体操作行为等三个层次探讨高级管理层支持、跨部门目标一致性以及各部门早期参与对新产品开发的积极作用。并分析在不同技术创新程度对这三大积极因素作用效果的影响。结果表明,在创新程度高的情况下,高级管理层支持对新产品开发的促进作用减弱,跨部门目标一致性和各部门早期参与对其的积极作用增强。本文在此基础上提出6个命题,构建了概念模型。     

Simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and recovery of soluble potassium using earth-abundant potassium feldspar

CO2 capture and storage(CCS) is an important strategy in combatting anthropogenic climate change.However,commercial application of the CCS technique is currently hampered by its high energy expenditure and costs.To overcome this issue,CO2 capture and utilization(CCU) is a promising CO2 disposal method.We,for the first time,developed a promising method to mineralize CO2 using earth-abundant potassium feldspar in order to effectively reduce CO2 emissions.Our experiments demonstrate that,after adding calcium chloride hexahydrate as an additive,the K-feldspar can be transformed to Ca-silicates at 800 C,which can easily mineralize CO2 to form stable calcium carbonate and recover soluble potassium.The conversion of this process reached 84.7%.With further study,the pretreatment temperature can be reduced to 250 C using hydrothermal method by adding the solution of triethanolamine(TEA).The highest conversion can be reached 40.1%.The process of simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and recovery of soluble potassium can be easily implemented in practice and may provide an economically feasible way to tackle global anthropogenic climate change.