Poly(benzyl ether) dendrons without conventional gelation motifs as a new kind of effective organogelators

Two poly(benzyl ether) dendrons,decorated in their periphery with nitrile groups,were divergently synthesized and fully characterized.Their gelation properties were studied by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray crystal structure analysis and concentration-and temperature-dependent 1 H NMR spectroscopy.It was found that the gelation capability of these dendrons was highly dependent on dendron generation,and the second-generation dendron G 2-CN proved to be highly efficient organogelator despite the lacking of any conventional gelation motifs,such as amides,long alkyl side chains and steroidal groups.The multiple strong-stacking interactions and hydrogen bonding interactions due to the peripheral isophthalonitrile motifs were proved to be the main driving forces to form the self-assembled gel.     

Levels and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the atmosphere close to Chinese Great Wall Station,Antarctica: Results from XAD-resin passive air sampling

Antarctica is an important research region for assessing persistence and long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In this study, XAD-resin passive air sampling was conducted near the Chinese Great Wall Station, Antarctica, during a one-year sampling period in 2009-2010. The air concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were at a very low level, with total PCBs in the range of 26.74-45.08 pg m 3. PCB profiles were dominated by tetra-PCBs, tri-PCBs and di-PCBs, indicating LRAT was responsible for the pollutants in the Antarctic atmosphere. The sampling site near the Chinese Great Wall Station did not show higher PCB levels than the other sites, suggesting that PCB sources associated with the Great Wall Station were negligible. PCB-11 is a non-Aroclor congener, which has specific sources compared to other Aroclor PCB congeners. PCB-11 was observed in all air samples, with an average concentration of 1.22 pg m 3. To our knowledge, this study is the first investigation of PCB levels and distribution in the atmosphere around the Chinese Great Wall Station, Antarctica.     

Experimental investigation of supersonic flow over a hemisphere

The experimental investigation of supersonic flow over a hemisphere was conducted using Nanoparticle-based Planar Laser Scattering(NPLS) technique in a supersonic quiet wind tunnel at Ma=2.68.Ahead of the hemisphere,boundary layer separation with the formation of a three-dimensional separated flow was observed,which was resulted from the interaction between the three-dimensional bow shock wave and the boundary layer.The complex flow structures of supersonic flow over the hemisphere were visualized.Based on the time correlation of NPLS images,time-space evolutionary characteristics of supersonic flow over the hemisphere were studied,and the evolutionary characteristics of the spanwise and streamwise large scale vortex structures were obtained,which have the features of periodicity and similar geometry.     

Genetic and physical mapping of AvrPi7, a novel avirulence gene of Magnaporthe oryzae using physical position-ready markers

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating crop diseases worldwide. The avirulence gene corresponding to rice blast resistance gene Pi7 in field isolate CHL346 was inherited as a single gene, designated AvrPi7, in a segregating population consisting of 189 ascospore progenies derived from a cross between field isolates CHL346 and CHL42. In order to determine the chromosomal location of the AvrPi7 locus, a total of 121 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed based on the whole-genome sequence of reference isolate 70-15 of M. oryzae. Linkage analysis of the locus with these SSR markers showed that eight SSR markers on chromosome 1 were linked to the locus, among which the closest flanking markers MS1-9 and MS1-15 were 3.2 and 16.4 cM from the locus, respectively. For fine mapping, additional PCR-based makers including eight SSR markers and three candidate avirulence gene (CAG) markers were developed in the region flanking both markers. The AvrPi7 locus was genetically delimited within a 1.6-cM region flanked by markers MS1-21 and MS1-22, and co-segregated with the marker CAG2. To construct a physical map of the AvrPi7 locus, molecular markers linked to the Avr gene were mapped on the supercontigs of the ref-erence isolate 70-15 through bioinformation analysis (BIA). Consequently, the AvrPi7 locus was delim-ited to a 75-kb interval flanked by markers MS1-21 and MS1-22 based on the reference sequence. Merodiploids observed in this study are also discussed.     

不同真空度下多层隔热组件传热性能的实验研究

针对月地高速再入返回飞行器在轨面临长期中真空环境的特殊挑战,热控设计需要评估不同真空度下多层隔热组件的传热性能差异.采用一维绝热型边界测试方法,对5单元、10单元、15单元与20单元多层隔热组件,在0.001~10000 Pa开展了传热性能的实验研究.根据测试数据,计算了不同真空度下的当量导热系数,在整器热分析模型中优选当量导热系数来计算整器温度水平,并利用正样热平衡试验和在轨温度遥测值验证了该方法的正确性.本文的测试结果不仅可为返回器提供基础数据,还可成为多层隔热组件不同真空条件下航天器热设计、热分析的重要依据.     

Primary investisation of the pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in water and soil of Xuanwei and Fuyuan,Yunnan Province,China

Lung cancer incidence in Xuanwei and Fuyuan is extremely high. The air pollution, especially indoor airborne PAHs generated by burning smoky coals, has been considered as the most probable reason. The air pollution may affect drinking water and soil through dry and wet deposition. In this study, the concentrations of PAHs in water and soil samples from Xuanwei and Fuyuan were monitored to investigate the influence of atmospheric PAHs pollution on water and soil. No obvious PAHs pollution in water was found in these two areas, indicating that airborne PAHs have no apparent effect on the drinking water （well water）. The smoky coal combustion from household and industry, such as the activities related to power plants, coking plants and chemical industries, is responsible for the soil PAHs pollution in these two areas. The soil pollution might be the reemission source and would pose long-term threat to the local environment and health of residents.     

Simulation of phase transition process using lattice Boltzmann method

A new lattice Boltzmann model based on SC model, is proposed to describe the liquid-vapor phase transitions. The new model is validated through the simulation of the one-component phase transition process. Compared with the simulation results of van der Waals gas and the Maxwell equal-area construction, the results of the new model have a better agreement with the analytical solutions than those of SC and Zhang models. Since the obtained temperature range and the maximum density ratio in this model are expanded, and the magnitude of maximum spurious current is only between those of SC and Zhang models, it is believed that this new model has better stability than SC and Zhang models. Consequently, the application scope of this new model is expanded compared with the existing phase transition models. According to the principle of the corresponding states in engineering thermodynamics, the simulations of ammonia and water phase transition process were implemented using this new model with different equations of state. Compared with the experimental data of ammonia and water, the results show that the Peng-Robinson is the best equation of state to describe the phase transition process of ammonia and water. Especially, the simulation results of ammonia with Peng-Robinson equation of state have an excellent agreement with its experimental data. Therefore these simulation results have a significant influence on the real engineering applications.     

个性化三维打印仿生骨骼术前诊断模型

目前骨科临床手术利用CT数字图像诊断病案、规划手术方案及复位策略,不易在术前进行操作练习,所选取的内固定骨钉和骨板无法测定力学匹配,从而难以避免术后应力并发症.术中依赖手术医生的经验和工具反复测量以便准确选取内固定器械,从而延长了患者创面开放时间,增加术中静脉血栓甚至动脉血栓并发症几率.尤其对于血管和神经丰富的股骨头更是容易引起术中并发症,甚至致残致死.本文分析了骨骼解剖模型的结构,研究了骨骼的内部微细结构、术前诊断模型外形轮廓以及力学性能的仿生设计方法,在此基础上,通过控制三维打印工艺、粉体材料成分和材料参数,得到不同力学性能的骨支架,从而实现了个性化定制的全骨仿生术前诊断模型.利用该模型可有效反映病患骨折和骨缺损真实特点,并可增加观察视场,明确骨折和骨缺损的实际情况和病症分型,从而有助于制定固定骨钉和骨板实际操作方案和规划替代骨植入方案,为术前手术设计、复位模拟、内置物选择、三维数据测量等重要手术环节提供物理操作模型,可明显改善手术效果,有效缩短手术时间,减少术中和术后并发症几率.