首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   14598篇
  免费   996篇
  国内免费   530篇
系统科学   1621篇
丛书文集   203篇
教育与普及   110篇
理论与方法论   332篇
现状及发展   917篇
研究方法   29篇
综合类   12911篇
自然研究   1篇
  2024年   26篇
  2023年   69篇
  2022年   136篇
  2021年   191篇
  2020年   134篇
  2019年   93篇
  2018年   843篇
  2017年   884篇
  2016年   591篇
  2015年   344篇
  2014年   414篇
  2013年   390篇
  2012年   686篇
  2011年   1445篇
  2010年   1286篇
  2009年   949篇
  2008年   1098篇
  2007年   1328篇
  2006年   511篇
  2005年   474篇
  2004年   472篇
  2003年   539篇
  2002年   594篇
  2001年   497篇
  2000年   357篇
  1999年   361篇
  1998年   183篇
  1997年   187篇
  1996年   189篇
  1995年   151篇
  1994年   146篇
  1993年   100篇
  1992年   106篇
  1991年   104篇
  1990年   79篇
  1989年   59篇
  1988年   64篇
  1987年   23篇
  1986年   12篇
  1985年   2篇
  1982年   1篇
  1981年   5篇
  1967年   1篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
We measure and predict states of Activation and Happiness using a body sensing application connected to smartwatches. Through the sensors of commercially available smartwatches we collect individual mood states and correlate them with body sensing data such as acceleration, heart rate, light level data, and location, through the GPS sensor built into the smartphone connected to the smartwatch. We polled users on the smartwatch for seven weeks four times per day asking for their mood state. We found that both Happiness and Activation are negatively correlated with heart beats and with the levels of light. People tend to be happier when they are moving more intensely and are feeling less activated during weekends. We also found that people with a lower Conscientiousness and Neuroticism and higher Agreeableness tend to be happy more frequently. In addition, more Activation can be predicted by lower Openness to experience and higher Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Lastly, we find that tracking people’s geographical coordinates might play an important role in predicting Happiness and Activation. The methodology we propose is a first step towards building an automated mood tracking system, to be used for better teamwork and in combination with social network analysis studies.  相似文献   
12.
Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) play a pivotal role in the early events that tip the immune response toward persistence or viral control. In vitro studies indicate that HIV infection induces the dysregulation of cDCs through binding of the LILRB2 inhibitory receptor to its MHC-I ligands and the strength of this interaction was proposed to drive disease progression. However, the dynamics of the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis in cDCs during early immune responses against HIV are yet unknown. Here, we show that early HIV-1 infection induces a strong and simultaneous increase of LILRB2 and MHC-I expression on the surface of blood cDCs. We further characterized the early dynamics of LILRB2 and MHC-I expression by showing that SIVmac251 infection of macaques promotes coordinated up-regulation of LILRB2 and MHC-I on cDCs and monocytes/macrophages, from blood and lymph nodes. Orientation towards the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis starts from the first days of infection and is transiently induced in the entire cDC population in acute phase. Analysis of the factors involved indicates that HIV-1 replication, TLR7/8 triggering, and treatment by IL-10 or type I IFNs increase LILRB2 expression. Finally, enhancement of the LILRB2/MHC-I inhibitory axis is specific to HIV-1 and SIVmac251 infections, as expression of LILRB2 on cDCs decreased in naturally controlled chikungunya virus infection of macaques. Altogether, our data reveal a unique up-regulation of LILRB2 and its MHC-I ligands on cDCs in the early phase of SIV/HIV infection, which may account for immune dysregulation at a critical stage of the anti-viral response.  相似文献   
13.
With the progress of science and technology, human beings explore the energy under-ground with thousands of meters. As a thermophysical parameter, initial formation temperature (IFT) plays an essential...  相似文献   
14.
The development of new technologically advanced products requires the contribution from a range of skills and disciplines, which are often difficult to find within a single company or organization. Requirements establishment practices in Systems Engineering (SE), while ensuring coordination of activities and tasks across the supply network, fall short when it comes to facilitate knowledge sharing and negotiation during early system design. Empirical observations show that when system-level requirements are not available or not mature enough, engineers dealing with the development of long lead-time sub-systems tend to target local optima, rather than opening up the design space. This phenomenon causes design teams to generate solutions that do not embody the best possible configuration for the overall system. The aim of this paper is to show how methodologies for value-driven design may address this issue, facilitating early stage design iterations and the resolution of early stage design trade-offs. The paper describes how such methodologies may help gathering and dispatching relevant knowledge about the ‘design intent’ of a system to the cross-functional engineering teams, so to facilitate a more concurrent process for requirement elicitation in SE. The paper also describes EVOKE (Early Value Oriented design exploration with KnowledgE maturity), a concept selection method that allows benchmarking design options at sub-system level on the base of value-related information communicated by the system integrators. The use of EVOKE is exemplified in an industrial case study related to the design of an aero-engine component. EVOKE’s ability to raise awareness on the value contribution of early stage design concepts in the SE process has been further verified with industrial practitioners in ad-hoc design episodes.  相似文献   
15.
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling is mediated through transactivation-independent signalling pathways or the transactivation of protein tyrosine kinase receptors and the recently reported activation of the serine/threonine kinase receptors, most notably the transforming growth factor-β receptor family. Since the original observation of GPCR transactivation of protein tyrosine kinase receptors, there has been considerable work on the mechanism of transactivation and several pathways are prominent. These pathways include the “triple membrane bypass” pathway and the generation of reactive oxygen species. The recent recognition of GPCR transactivation of serine/threonine kinase receptors enormously broadens the GPCR signalling paradigm. It may be predicted that the transactivation of serine/threonine kinase receptors would have mechanistic similarities with transactivation of tyrosine kinase pathways; however, initial studies suggest that these two transactivation pathways are mechanistically distinct. Important questions are the relative importance of tyrosine and serine/threonine transactivation pathways, the contribution of transactivation to overall GPCR signalling, mechanisms of transactivation and the range of cell types in which this phenomenon occurs. The ultimate significance of transactivation-dependent signalling remains to be defined but it appears to be prominent and if so will represent a new cell signalling frontier.  相似文献   
16.
针对传统混合动力汽车控制方法不考虑已知道路交通信号灯信息对车辆能量管理影响的问题,提出了基于交通信号灯信息的混合动力汽车节能预测控制智能优化策略。通过建立混合动力汽车系统的简化模型,并采用连续广义最小残量方法求解模型预测控制问题。运用MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真,仿真结果验证了交通信号灯信息模型的有效性,以及所设计的模型预测控制算法大幅度提高混合动力汽车的燃油经济性的能力和实时控制性能。研究结果表明所提出的控制策略可以实现车辆行驶轨迹的优化控制,显著提高了车辆的燃油经济性,并满足系统的实时最优控制要求。  相似文献   
17.
Reconsideration on Homogeneous Quadratic Riemann Boundary Value Problem   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The homogeneous quadratic Riemann boundary value problem (1) with Hoelder continuous coefficients for the normal case was considered by the author in 1997. But the solutions obtained there are incomplete. Here its general method of solution is obtained.  相似文献   
18.
根据人工神经网络的结构特点和信息传输与处理特征,提出了利用物理神经网络作为通信信道的观点.在分析了现有通信信道物理模型之后,具体讨论了作为通信信道的神经网络的可能拓朴结构、神经网络学习要点、允许传输信号的模式特征,研究了神经网络信道的传输延时、通信带宽及信噪比,分析了神经网络信道处理多媒体信号的计算潜力,并着重剖析了神经网络信道固有的保密通信特征.最后给出了一个具体的神经网络信道设计实例.  相似文献   
19.
论海德格尔的语言哲学思想及其美学含义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海德格尔通过对在的意义阐发,导致哲学本体论的重大转折,使人们关注中心从在(存在)转向在本身。而海德格尔对人生存本真状态的关注,深入探究语言与此在之间的本质关系,从而为艺术赋予新的意义——建设诗意的家园。  相似文献   
20.
高考走向何方,成为人们热议的话题。有人主张废除高考,有人反对废除,主张改革;有人赞成统一高考,有人赞成高校单独招考……笔者认为高考要改不宜废,但改革要考虑国情,要遵循一定原则,要有比较稳定的思路,要有灵活应变的策略和科学的方法。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号