Action of space charge on aging and breakdown of polymers

The study on how space charges affect aging and breakdown of polymers becomes one of the most important domains. Most of the models are based on the injected charges increasing the local field to induce the breakdown of polymers and breaking the large molecule chains. These models ignore the effects of space charge on the microstructure of dielectric materials. In this review, with the calculation of the electromagnetic energy and the electromechanical energy around a trapped charge and with some new experimental results, it is proved that aging and breakdown in polymers are caused during the detrapping of the trapped charges. Aging and breakdown of the polymers are related to the release of the electromechanical energy around trapped charges.     

Relative efficiency of marker assisted selection when marker and QTL are incompletely linked

The relative superiority in selection response of two basic marker-assisted selection strategies, marker-assisted BLUP (MBLUP) and two-stage selection, in comparison to standard BLUP was investigated using stochastic simulation of a closed nucleus herd. In marker-assisted BLUP the marker information and the phenotypic information were utilized simultaneously for selecting parental animals, whereas in two-stage selection they were utilized separately in two stages. Different heritabilities and QTL sizes were considered in the simulation. The QTL was assumed to be referred only via flanking markers, which were incompletely linked to the QTL. It was shown that both MBLUP and two-stage selection increased the QTL response but decreased the polygenic response. When the heritability was low or the QTL effect was large MBLUP was superior to standard BLUP by up to 5% with respect to total genetic response. While the two-stage selection did not show any superiority although it gave extremely large increase in QTL response due to a rapid increase in favorable QTL allele frequency. The relative responses of MAS were stark associated with the generations of selection. The superiority or inferiority of MAS was large in the early generations and became small or vanished in the later generations.     

Physical location of riceGm-6, Pi-5(t) genes inO. officinalis with BAC-FISH

A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure was adopted to physically map two rice BAC clones 24E21 and 4F22 linked to Gm-6 and Pi-5(t) in O. offi-cinalis. FISH results showed that the two BAC clones were located at 4L. The percentage distance from the centromere to the hybridization sites was 72 + 2.62 for 24E21 and 54+ 5.43 for 4F22, the detection rates were 52.70% and 61.2%. The results obtained from the BAC and plasmid clones, RG214 and RZ565 of cultivated rice and O. officinalis were the same. This suggested that the markers, RG214 and RZ565 of cultivated rice and O. officinalis were in the same BAC clones. The homologous sequences of Gm-6 and Pi-5(t) in O. officinalis were positions that signals existed on the 4L. Many signals were observed when no Cot-1 DNA blocked. This also showed that repetitive sequences were some ho-molgous between cultivated rice and O. officinalis. The identification of chromosome 4 of O. officinalis is based on Jena et al. (1994). In our study, we discussed the possibility of physical map in O. officinalis with rice BAC clones.     

Atomic model of liquid pure Fe

Using a θ-θ X-ray diffractometer, the liquid structure of pure Fe was investigated and the diffraction intensity, structure factor, pair distribution function as well as the coordination number and atomic distance were obtained. The experimental results showed that there was also a pre-peak on the curve of the structure factor of liquid pure Fe. The pre-peak is a mark of medium-range order in melts. According to the characteristics of pre-peak, an atomic model of liquid pure Fe is constructed, namely, the structure of liquid pure Fe is a combination of clusters consisting of bcc cells with shared vertexes and other atoms with random dense atom distribution.     

The valence electron structure and properties analysis of TiC

The valence electron structure of TiC was calculated by using the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules. The calculated results show that with the increase of temperature the number of common electrons of TiC increases which indicates that TiC has a good thermal stability; and there exists a close relationship between hardness and brittleness of TiC. According to the number of lattice electrons, the differences among the crystals with different structures can be explained qualitatively. Using the “bond-strengthening factor”, the differences of hardness among the crystals with different structures can also be qualitatively explained to some extent.     

基于计算机网络的现代远程教育的探讨

介绍了计算机网络,远程教育的各阶段表现形式,阐述了进行现代远程教育所应具备的条件,以及中国进行现代远程教育的现状,论述了现代远程教育是一种新型的教育方式,是构筑知识经济时代人们终身学习体系的主要手段。     

一维双原子链晶格振动u_(2n 1)(q)≠u_(2n 1)(q (2π/2a))谬误的分析

对一维双原子链晶格振动的u2n 1(q)≠u2n 1(q 2π2a)谬误进行分析 ,给出了正确的关系式 ,进一步给出了一维三原子链晶格振动的波矢q振动模与相差一个倒格矢的振动模等同的有关关系式 .     

蓄热式原油加热炉的开发研究

介绍了一种新型蓄热式原油加热炉的工作原理及结构特点·该加热炉采用填充球蓄热室进行余热回收,保证炉子排烟温度在200℃以下,从而使炉子的运行效率在80%以上·应用结果表明,该炉可比原有水套加热炉热效率提高2141%,节能率达到357%·     

SCF在吸附剂上的吸附现象

超临界流体萃取是一项新颖的分离技术,也是当前化工界科学研究的热点。在催化剂超临界流体再生和聚合物系超临界流体脱辉的模型化过程中,应充分考虑到杂质与超临界流体在气固相界面的竞相吸附现象。本文较为系统地阐述了超临界流体在固相吸附的理论以及当用双重吸着模型处理超临界流体在聚合物相吸着时,计算其焓差△HD的一种新方法。     

鱼类血清钙的测定及含量变动研究

采用高锰酸钾微量滴定法快速简便测定血清游离Ca2+.最适pH4.2～7.5,最适温度70～80°.使用该方法测定嘉陵江瓦氏黄颡鱼血清样本,结果表明,该鱼血清游离Ca2+在生殖间期的正常生理平均值为8.71±2.51mg/dl.在生殖周期,雄鱼血清游离钙水平无显著变化(P＞0.05),雌鱼血清游离Ca2+水平随卵巢发育上升,产卵后逐渐下降,最高值31.24±15.61mg/dl,最低值6.59±1.30mg/dl.血清游离Ca2+在鱼类生殖期生理活动中起着重要作用.